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The Respiratory System

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show oxygen, carbon dioxide  
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show Respiration  
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show Respiration  
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Upper Airway Components: ____ ____, ____ ____, ____   show
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show nasal cavity  
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The ____ ____ is the cartilage that separates the right and left nasal cavities.   show
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show sinus  
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The ____ help reduce the overall weight of the head and are thought to assist in heating, purifying, and moistening inhaled air.   show
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The sinuses are air-filled cavities that are lined with a ____ ____.   show
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Fractures of the ____ ____ (____) can occasionally cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to leak from the cranial cavity into the nasal cavity.   show
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A ____ ____ is a tube that connects the ear with the nasal cavity.   show
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show Eustachian tubes  
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show nasolacrimal duct  
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show Mucous membranes  
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____ ____ usually contain mucus secreting cells.   show
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show Mucus  
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The ____, a large muscle on the bottom of the oral cavity, is the most common airway obstruction.   show
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The ____ bone is unique, it is the only bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone.   show
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The ____ is a muscular tube that extends vertically from the back of the soft palate to the superior aspect of the esophagus.   show
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show Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx  
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show gag reflex  
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show vallecula  
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show Endotracheal intubation  
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The ____ is the complex structure that joins the pharynx with the trachea.   show
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show glottis  
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show Sellick maneuver  
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show Aspiration  
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The ____ ____ is a membrane between he cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx.   show
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Lower Airway Components: ____, ____, ____, ____ ____, ____   show
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The ____ is a tube that connects the larynx to the mainstem bronchi.   show
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The trachea is ____ to ____ centimeters long.   show
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show carina, bifurcates  
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show bronchi  
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____ are microscopic air sacs where most oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchanges take place.   show
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show Atelactasis  
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show right, left  
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The ____ are the principle or essential parts of an organ.   show
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The ____ is a membranous connective tissue covering the lungs.   show
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The pleura consists of two layers, ____ and ____.   show
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show visceral  
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show parietal  
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The potential space between the visceral and parietal layers, called the ____ ____, usually holds a small amount of fluid that reduces friction between the pleural layers during respiration.   show
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show diameters  
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In pediatrics, in the pharynx, the jaw is ____ and the tongue is relatively ____.   show
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The ____ lies more superior and anterior in children and is funnel-shaped because the ____ ____ is undeveloped.   show
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Before the age of ____, the cricoid cartilage I the narrowest part f the airway.   show
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show softer  
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Infants and children tend to rely more on their ____ for breathing.   show
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show Respiration  
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____ is the mechanical process that moves air into and out of the lungs.   show
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____ ____depends on changes in pressure within the thoracic cavity.   show
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____mL of inspired air - ____mL occupying the conducting pathways 'dead space' = ____mL reaching the alveoli   show
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show lungs  
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show Partial pressure  
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show partial pressure  
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Oxygen (PaO2) = ____ torr (average = ____ - ____)   show
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show 40 torr (average = 35-45)  
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____ is alveolar partial pressure.   show
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____ is arterial partial pressure.   show
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show Diffusion  
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show gases  
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show 21  
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show high, low  
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Oxygen diffuses into the blood plasma, where most of it combines with hemoglobin and is measured as ____ ____ (____).   show
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show dissolved, PaO2  
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show 100, 90 to 100  
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show oxygen concentrations  
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____ is the reduction in breathing rate and depth.   show
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____ is the accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity.   show
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show Hemothorax  
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A ____ ____ is a blood clot that travels to the pulmonary circulation and hinders oxygenation of the blood.   show
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show bicarbonate ion (HCO-3)  
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The ____ is the concentration of oxygen in inspired air.   show
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show lowers  
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Fever, muscle exertion, shivering, and metabolic processes resulting in the formation of metabolic acids can cause ____ CO2 production.   show
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show decreased  
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Increased CO2 levels (____) are usually treated by ____ the rate and/or volume of ventilation and by correcting the underlying cause.   show
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____ is the excessive pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.   show
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The ____ ____ is the number of times a person breaths in 1 minute.   show
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show voluntarily, nervous system  
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The main respiratory center lies in the ____ ____ in the brainstem.   show
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Various ____within the medulla initiate impulses that result in respiration.   show
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show pons  
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A third control center, the pneumotaxic center, also in the pons, controls ____.   show
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show Hering-Breuer reflex  
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Any ____ in PCO2 will ____ CSF pH, which will in turn stimulate the control chemoreceptors to increase respiration.   show
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____ PaCO2 levels will ____CSF pH, in turn decreasing chemoreceptor stimulation and slowing respiratory activity.   show
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show Hypoxemia  
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____ ____ is the mechanism that increases respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen falls and inhibits respiratory stimulation when blood oxygen climbs.   show
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show Apnea  
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show Hypoxemia  
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show CO2, PaCO2  
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Fever, emotion, pain, hypoxia, acidosis, stimulant drugs, depressant dugs, and sleep can affect ____ ____.   show
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show Total lung capacity  
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____ ____ is the average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle.   show
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show Dead space volume  
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____ ____ is the amount of gas in the tidal volume that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange.   show
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____ ____ is the amount o as inhaled and exhaled in 1 minute.   show
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____ ____ ____ is the amount of gas that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange in one minute.   show
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show Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)  
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____ ____ ____ (____) is the amount of air that can be maximally exhaled after a normal expiration.   show
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show Residual volume (RV)  
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show Functional residual capacity (FRC)  
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____ ____ ____ (____) is the amount of air that can be maximally expired after maximal inspiration.   show
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Total lung capacity in the average adult male is approximately ____ liters.   show
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show 500  
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show 150  
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Alveolar volume in the average adult male is approximately ____ mL.   show
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