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Biology 3.1. 3.2

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Term
Definition
Ecology   is the scientific study of interactions of organisms with one another and with the physical and chemical environment.  
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Biosphere   is the layer of the planet Earth where life exists.  
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Species   is often defined as a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature.  
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Population   an assemblage of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.  
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Community   an assemblage of different populations that live together in an area.  
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Ecosystem   includes all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their physical environment.  
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Biotic factor   is any living part of an environment.  
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Abiotic factor   is any nonliving part of an environment.  
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Autotrophs or Primary producers   are organisms that can produce their own food by capture energy from sunlight or chemicals.  
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Photosynthesis   the process in which autotrophs capture light energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar.  
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Chemosynthesis   the process in which autotrophs use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.  
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Heterotrophs   organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food. (know as consumers)  
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Herbivores   obtain energy by eating only plants (cow).  
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Carnivores   eat only animals (snake).  
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Omnivores   eat both plants and animals (humans).  
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Detritivores   feed on dead matter (earthworms).  
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Decomposers   break down organic matter (fungi).  
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Scavengers   consume the carcasses of other animals (vultures).  
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