Founders of nursing/education/influences/roles
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| Discuss the historical evolution of nursing | Hospitals originally were not sanitary; people were typically thrown together in overcrowded wards; nurses did not practice infection control. Due to Nightingale's influence, standards of care have dramatically increased& now maintains high quality care
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| Discuss the role of men in nursing | Initially men treated injured soldiers on the front lines in war; the industrial revolution brought change- men left to work in factories for more $; nursing dominated by women; ban on male nurses lifted in 1982; encouragement of male nurses-diversity
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| Identify the themes in the definitions of nursing | Advocacy& promotion of health, prevention of illness& injury, alleviation of suffering, care of ill, disabled, and dying
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| What are the different roles of a nurse? | autonomy, caregiver, teacher, communicator, advocate, counselor, leader
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| What is autonomy? | the independent authority to make decisions within your scope of experience
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| Describe how a nurse acts as a caregiver | by providing healing through both physical and interpersonal skills
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| Describe how a nurse acts as a teacher | by explaining different concepts & facts of about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self care activities,reinforce learning or patient behavior
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| Describe how a nurse acts as a communicator | central to the nurse-patient relationship; knowing your patients strengths, weaknesses and needs; routinely communicate with patients, patients families, other nurses and healthcare professionals and the community
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| Explain how a nurse acts as a counselor | Reinforces the need to know your patients including their strengths and weaknesses; may counsel patients on medications that they are uninformed about, etc.
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| Explain how a nurse acts as a leader | By coordinating self-care activities, organizing care plans essential for patients well being, lead by example through advocating healthy lifestyles
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| Explain how a nurse is an advocate | Nurses promote healthy lifestyles; protect patients legal and human rights; provide assistance in asserting these rights when needed; act on patients behalf; stand up for patients
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| What are the 4 core roles for the APRN? | 1. Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
2. Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP)
3. Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM)
4. Certified RN anesthetist (CRNA)
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| Define Clinical Nurse Specialist | An APRN who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice
(i.e. OB/GYN, ER, geriatrics,etc.)
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| Define Certified Nurse Practitioner | An APRN who provides care to a group of patients usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community based setting
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| Define Certified Nurse Midwife | An APRN who is also educated in midwifery& is certified by the american college of nurse-midwives
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| Define Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist | An APRN with advanced education in a nurse anesthesia accredited program
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| Recognize factors influencing contemporary nursing practice | Healthcare reform, technology, demographic changes, population, medically underserved, nursing shortage
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| Describe the various education pathways in nursing | LVN:1 year program, ADN:2 yr program, BSN:4 yr program, Masters and PhD
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| Discuss licensure of RNs | RNs must pass the NCLEX-RN exam to obtain license to practice; administered by state board of nursing, NCLEX is the same in every state in the US
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| Discuss certifications of RNs | Certifications are specialties nurses focus on for their practice
Ex: OB/GYN or pediatrics
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| Explain how nursing education affects nursing practice | You will use critical thinking skills in your practice; you will implement intellectual and professional standards in the clinical setting
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| Describe the socialization process of nursing | Benner's Model: Consists of 5 diff, stages-
Stage 1: Novice, Stage 2: Advanced beginner, Stage 3: Competent, Stage 4: Proficient, Stage 5: Expert; subject to change when you move departments or change specialty
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| Who was Florence Nightingale? | She is credited with identifying the link between uncleanliness and disease/mortality; improved hospital environments& raised standards of care; sanitation;vestablished the first nursing school (for women)
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| Who was Clara Barton? | The founder of the Red Cross during the Civil War; tended soldiers on the battlefield: cleansing wounds, meeting basic needs, and comforting them during death
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| Who were Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster | They opened Henry Street Settlement; focused on health needs of poor people who lived in tenements in NYC; nurses in HSS first to demonstrate autonomy
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| What did Margaret Sanger contribute to nursing? | She introduced contraceptives
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| What was Mary Carson Breckinridge's focus/ contribution to nursing? | Focused on access to health; brought healthcare to those who were isolated; frontier nursing woman
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| Who was Mary Adelaide Nutting | She was instrumental int he affiliation of nursing education with universities; first female professor @ university of columbia teachers college in 1906
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