EOI Review Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Turgor Pressure | the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall
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| Abiotic Factor | an environmental factor that is not associated with the activities of living organisms
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| Biotic Factor | an environmental factor that is associated with or results from the activities of living organisms
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| Natural selection | the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do
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| Facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins
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| Passive Transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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| Active Transport | transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient
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| mimicry | the resemblance of an animal species to another species or to natural objects
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| Adaptation | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
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| Chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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| RNA | A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses.
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleotide that stores genetic information. Consists of phosphate molecule, sugar deoxyribose, and 1 of 4 nitrogen-containing bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), or Guanine (G), complex molecule containing the genetic...
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| Aerobic Respiration | cellular respiration that uses oxygen, sequentially releasing energy and storing it in ATP
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| Anaerobic Respiration | the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen
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| Geographic Isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
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| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production
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| Ribosomes | organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
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| Density-dependent factor | a population-limiting factor whose effects depend on population density. e.g. resource availablity, competition.
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| Density-independent factor | a variable that affects a population regardless of the population density, such as climate
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| Homologous | having the same evolutionary origin but serving different functions
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| Analogous | corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin
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| Heterozgous | When two alleles for a gene are different (one is dominant and the other is recessive);for example Tt or Aa
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| Homozygous Dominant | Both alleles for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)
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| Homozygous Recessive | Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)
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| Punette square | a chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
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| Fungal Cell | Cell wall composed of chitin, membrane bound nucleus, and a variety of other organelles. Lack: chloroplasts and central vacuoles, cell wall other than that same as an animal cell - get food from absorption. LACKS CHLOROPLASTS & CENTRAL VACUOLE
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| Animal Cell | a cell containing ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, a vacuole, a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane, mitochondria, and cytoplasm, a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
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| Plant Cell | Eukaryotic cell that contains a cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts
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| Bacterial Cell | example of prokaryotic cell, has a cell wall & cell membrane but NOT a nucleus. Unicellular, includes: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes.,, possess only 1 chromo. may not contain any plasmids or have multiple copies or diff type of plasmid.
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