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EOI Review Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Turgor Pressure | the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall |
| Abiotic Factor | an environmental factor that is not associated with the activities of living organisms |
| Biotic Factor | an environmental factor that is associated with or results from the activities of living organisms |
| Natural selection | the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do |
| Facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins |
| Passive Transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| Active Transport | transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient |
| mimicry | the resemblance of an animal species to another species or to natural objects |
| Adaptation | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| RNA | A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some viruses. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid. Nucleotide that stores genetic information. Consists of phosphate molecule, sugar deoxyribose, and 1 of 4 nitrogen-containing bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), or Guanine (G), complex molecule containing the genetic... |
| Aerobic Respiration | cellular respiration that uses oxygen, sequentially releasing energy and storing it in ATP |
| Anaerobic Respiration | the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen |
| Geographic Isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
| Ribosomes | organelles made of protein and RNA that direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm |
| Density-dependent factor | a population-limiting factor whose effects depend on population density. e.g. resource availablity, competition. |
| Density-independent factor | a variable that affects a population regardless of the population density, such as climate |
| Homologous | having the same evolutionary origin but serving different functions |
| Analogous | corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin |
| Heterozgous | When two alleles for a gene are different (one is dominant and the other is recessive);for example Tt or Aa |
| Homozygous Dominant | Both alleles for a trait are the same and dominant (AA) |
| Homozygous Recessive | Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa) |
| Punette square | a chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Fungal Cell | Cell wall composed of chitin, membrane bound nucleus, and a variety of other organelles. Lack: chloroplasts and central vacuoles, cell wall other than that same as an animal cell - get food from absorption. LACKS CHLOROPLASTS & CENTRAL VACUOLE |
| Animal Cell | a cell containing ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, a vacuole, a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane, mitochondria, and cytoplasm, a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles |
| Plant Cell | Eukaryotic cell that contains a cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts |
| Bacterial Cell | example of prokaryotic cell, has a cell wall & cell membrane but NOT a nucleus. Unicellular, includes: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes.,, possess only 1 chromo. may not contain any plasmids or have multiple copies or diff type of plasmid. |
Created by:
Christensent
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