Sci Method, living things and classification
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Series of procedures that scientists use to solve scientific problems | scientific method
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| hypothesis | an educated guess or a prediction that can be tested
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| how do you test a hypothesis? | perform an experiment
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| control | the standard to which the outcome of a test is compared
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| variable | something in an experiment that can change
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| independent variable | the variable that the experimenter manipulates/changes
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| dependent variable | the variable that is measured by the experimenter. this variable responds to the manipulated variable.
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| theory | an explanation of things or events based on scientific knowledge that is the result of many observations and experiments. This is not a guess or an opinion.
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| SI (International System) units | the standard system of measurement scientists use to communicate and understand each others research and results.
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| length | millimeter, centimeter, meter, kilometer
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| volume | milliter, liter
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| mass | gram, kilogram, tonne
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| organism | any living thing
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| cell | the smallest unit of life
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| homeostasis | keeping the "home" stable. An organisms ability to keep the proper conditions inside no matter what is going on outside the organism.
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| traits of all living things | organized into cells, respond to their environment, use energy, grow and develop, and reproduce
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| raw materials | space to live, food and water
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| spontaneous generation | the idea that living things come from nonliving things. ex: worms come from rain clouds.
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| biogenesis | the theory that living things come from other living things. ex: mice give birth to mice.
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| Louis Pasteur | a scientist in the 1800s that disproved spontaneous generation by doing an experiment with a swan-neck flask
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| how old is earth | about 4.6 billion years old
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| how old is life | about 3.5 billion years old
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| what do scientists believe the first life form on Earth is? | single celled organisms (bacteria)
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| where do scientists believe life originated? | in water/oceans
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| phylogeny | evolutionary history of an organism or how it has changed over time
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| binomial nomenclature | two-word naming system that is used to name various species- it consists of the genus and species of an organism
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| who invented binomial nomenclature | Linnaeus
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| which two categories are used in a scientific name? | genus and species
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| Two-word scientific names are used for _____ reasons | help avoid mistakes, organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together, give descriptive information about the species, allow information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently
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| dichotomous key | detailed list of identifying characteristics that can be used to help identify and name a species. The list is arranged in steps with two descriptive statements at each step.
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| cladogram | a graphic that shows evolutionary relationships between organisms
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| derived characteristic/ derived character | trait
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| outgroup | the organism on a cladogram that does not have any of the traits
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| ingroup | any organisms that have some of the traits
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| species | a group of organisms that can make fertile offspring
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| hybrid | an animal, like a liger, that is made when two different species mate
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| Redi | a scientist in the 1600s that disproved spontaneous generation with an experiment with flies and meat
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| Needham | a scientist in the 1600s that said spontaneous generation happens with bacteria - his experiment was with broth
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| Spallanzani | a scientist in the 1700s that disproved Needham's experiment by boiling the broth longer. His experiment supported biogenesis.
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