Final strength & conditioning vocabulary
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| absolute strength | developed through heavy weight training, typically the 80-80% of maximum effort for each lift
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| adaptation | the adjustment of the body or mind to achieve a greater degree of fitness to it's environment
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| adduction | movement of a line toward middle axis of the body
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| adherence | sticking to an exercise position
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| adipose tissue | fat tissue
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| aerobic endurance | the ability to continue aerobic activity over a period of time
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| agility | your ability to combine limit strength starting strength, starting strength, explosive strength and dynamic balancein preforming a series of directional changes in rapid succession
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| anaerobic exercise | sort term activities in which muscle fibers derive contractile energy from store internal compounds without the use of oxygen from the blood
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| anaerobic threshold | the point where increasing energy demands of exercise cannot be met by the use of oxygen and an oxygen debt begins to be incurred
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| anatomy | the science of the structure of the human body
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| atrophy | withering away, a decrease in functional ability and size of bodily tissues and organs
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| ballistic movement | An exercise or sports related movement in which part of the body is "thrown" against the resistance of antagonist muscles or against the limits of a joint.
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| bodybuilding | the application of training sciences-particularly nutrition and weight training-to enhance musculature and physical appearance
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| body composition | the proportion of fat, muscle and bone making up the body. Usually expressed as percent of body fat and percent of lean body mass.
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| body fat | the percentage of fat in the body. In bodybuilding, the lower the percentage, the more muscular the physique appears.
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| bursa | a cushioning sac filled with a lubricating fluid that alleviates friction where there is movement between muscles, between tendon and bone, or between bone and skin.
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| circuit training | a series of exercises, performed one after the other, with little rest between. Resistance training in this manner increases strength while making some contribution to cardiovascular endurance as well.
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| concentric | muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens. This action is commonly called positive work.
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| conditioning | long-term physical training, typically used in reference to sports preparation.
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| connective tissue | a fibrous tissue that binds together and supports the structures of the body.
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| cool down | a gradual reduction of the intensity of exercise to allow physiological processes to return to nomal. Helps avoid blood pooling in the legs and may reduce muscular soreness
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| deadlift | one of three powerlifting events. A maximum (1-RM) barbell is lifted off the floor until the lifter is standing erect.
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| deltoids | the large triangular muscles of the shoulder, which raise the arm away from the body and are a prime mover in all arm elevation movements.
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| ectomorph | a thin person with a lean physique and light musculature
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| endomorph | a heavyset person with a predominantly round and soft physique
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| endorphins | brain chemicals that ease or suppress pain.
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| eccentric | muscle contraction in which the muscle resists while it is forced to lengthen. This is commonly called "negative" work.
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| estrogen | the sex hormone that predominates in the female, but also has functions in the male
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| fast-twitch fibers | muscle fiber type that contracts quickly and is used most intensive, short duration exercises, such as weightlifting of sprints.
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| flexibility | your ability to flex, extend, or circumduct your body's joints through their full intended ranges of motion without substantial decrement in limit strength.
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| static balance | your ability to maintain control of your body's center of gravity over the center of your base of support
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| dynamic balance | your ability to maintain control of your body's center of gravity while moving or in flight.
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| strength endurance | your ability to maintain limit strength output time after time without fatigue limiting force output
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| local muscular endurance | a muscle's ability to perform sustained, sub-maximum force output over an extended period
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| speed endurance | your ability to maintain absolute maximum speed while sprinting requires both starting strength and the ability to display it time after time. Operating with the ATP/CP pathway of muscle energetics is the name of the game here.
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| cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory endurance | the efficiency with which you get oxygen to your working muscles while, at the same time, removing metabolic wastes
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| gluteals | abbreviation for gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus; the hip extensor muscles
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| hypertrophy (muscle) | increase in both gross muscle size as well as individual muscle cell size resulting from training (especially weight training)
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| inflammation | body's local response to injury, characterized by pain, with heat, redness, swelling and loss of function
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| kinesiology | study of human musculoskeletal movement also referred to as biomechanics
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| mesomorph | a person whose physique features powerful musculature
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| obliques | short for external and/or internal obliques, the muscles to either side of abdominals that rotate and flex the trunk.
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| periodization | "Periodized training" is a phrase which refers to how one training is broken down into discreet time periods called macrocycles, mesocycles, and microcycles.
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| plyometrics | a type of exercise that suddenly preloads and forces the stretching of a muscle an instant prior to its concentric actions.
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| power | a combination of strength and speed, strength x speed = power
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| powerlifts | three lifts contested in the sport of powerlifting: the squat, deadlift and bench pres
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| pronation | assuming a facedown position. of the hand turning the palm backward or downward. of the foot , lowering the inner side of the foot so as to flatten the arch
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| repetition | an individual completed exercise movement
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| resistance | the amount of weight used in each set of an exercise, or the force which a muscle is required to work against
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| slow-twitch-fibers | muscle fiber type that contracts slowly and is used most in moderate intensity, endurance exercises, such as distance running
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