CP Bio Genetics
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| what does homozygous mean? | two of the same alleles
🗑
|
||||
| what does heterozygous mean? | two different alleles
🗑
|
||||
| what does homozygous dominant mean? | two dominant alleles
🗑
|
||||
| what does homozygous recessive mean? | two recessive alleles
🗑
|
||||
| what is an allele? | a version of a genetic trait
🗑
|
||||
| what is genetics? | the study of inheritance/heredity
🗑
|
||||
| who is the father of modern genetics? | Gregor Mendel
🗑
|
||||
| what is genotype? | the alleles an organism has- the "letters"
🗑
|
||||
| what is phenotype? | the expression of the organism's alleles - the "looks/traits"
🗑
|
||||
| what is a mutation? | a change in the DNA
🗑
|
||||
| are all mutations harmful? | no- some are harmful, some are beneficial and some don't cause any noticeable changes.
🗑
|
||||
| what is another word for regular chromosomes? | autosomes
🗑
|
||||
| what is another phrase for the X and Y chromosome? | sex chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| how many alleles typically control a trait? | two
🗑
|
||||
| how many alleles control blood type? | three
🗑
|
||||
| when a trait is controlled by more than 2 alleles it is an example of _____ inheritance. | multiple alleles
🗑
|
||||
| what do you call a diagram of several generations of family members that shows the occurrence of certain genetic characteristics? | pedigree
🗑
|
||||
| what do you call a diagram that shows the genotypic and phenotypic outcome of crosses between two organisms? | punnet square
🗑
|
||||
| why do sex-linked diseases show up in males more than females? | females can be a carrier (and not have the disease) but since males only have on X chromosome they cannot be a carrier. They either have the sex-linked disease or they dont
🗑
|
||||
| what gender is XX | female
🗑
|
||||
| what gender is XY | male
🗑
|
||||
| who determines the sex of the child? | dad - he is the only one that can pass down a "y" chromosome
🗑
|
||||
| in a testcross the unknown genotype is crossed with... | a homozygous recessive individual.
🗑
|
||||
| why are testcrosses done? | to determine an unknown dominant genotype
🗑
|
||||
| what is a dihybrid punnett square? | one that shows two traits being tracked
🗑
|
||||
| what is a monohybrid punnett square? | one that shows one trait being tracked
🗑
|
||||
| complete dominance | when heterozygoous and homozygous dominant individuals have the same phenotype
🗑
|
||||
| incomplete dominance | when an individual displays a trait that is intermediate (blended) between the two parents
🗑
|
||||
| codominant | when both alleles for a trait are expressed in a heterozygous individual.
🗑
|
||||
| law of segregation | when the two alleles for the same trait separate when egg/sperm are formed
🗑
|
||||
| law of independent assortment | the alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during the formation of egg/sperm
🗑
|
||||
| germ cell or gamete | egg or sperm
🗑
|
||||
| sex-linked trait | a trait on a sex chromosome
🗑
|
||||
| linked gene | genes that are inherited together (are very close together on a chromosome)
🗑
|
||||
| give an example of linked genes in humans | red hair and freckles
🗑
|
||||
| chromosome map | a map of genes on a chromosome.
🗑
|
||||
| if genes are only a few map units apart then they are probably... | linked genes
🗑
|
||||
| germ-cell mutation | mutations that do not affect the person but occur in their sex cells so they can be passed down to that person's offspring
🗑
|
||||
| somatic-cell mutation | mutations that affect the person but are not passed down to that person's offspring
🗑
|
||||
| give an example of a somatic-cell mutation | some types of skin cancer (you can get from overexposure to the sun)
🗑
|
||||
| deletion mutation | loss of a piece of a chromosome
🗑
|
||||
| inversion mutation | when a chromosome segment breaks off, flips around, and reattaches
🗑
|
||||
| translocation mutation | when pieces of NON-homologous chromosomes break off and reattach to each other
🗑
|
||||
| nondisjunction | when a chromosome fails to separate correctly and one gamete receives an extra copy of a chromosome while the other receives no copy.
🗑
|
||||
| which type of mutation causes down syndrome? | nondisjunction at the 21st chromosome
🗑
|
||||
| point mutation | a change at one single gene
🗑
|
||||
| frameshift mutation | a deletion that causes the entire reading frame a gene to shift and no longer "make sense"
🗑
|
||||
| what type of mutation is a "substitution" | point mutation
🗑
|
||||
| what type of mutation is a "insertion" | frameshift mutation
🗑
|
||||
| pedigree | family tree that can show genetic traits
🗑
|
||||
| polygenic | traits influenced by several genes
🗑
|
||||
| give examples of polygenic traits | eye color, hair color, intelligence, height, skin color...
🗑
|
||||
| what do you call the field of study that looks "above the genome" to see how the environment changes an organism's DNA? | epigenetics
🗑
|
||||
| sex-influenced trait | a trait that is influenced by a gender's hormones
🗑
|
||||
| give an example of a sex-influenced trait | "pattern baldness" is more prevalent in men because they have more testosterone. the testosterone interacts with the gene to produce baldness.
🗑
|
||||
| what are two ways genetic counselors can test a pregnant woman for genetic conditions? | amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling
🗑
|
||||
| what molecule can turn off and on genes? | methyl groups
🗑
|
||||
| when are some critical times during a person's life that their epigenome might change? | puberty and pregancy
🗑
|
||||
| what are some factors that can cause changes in the epigenome? | stress, diet, exercise, chemicals in the environment.
🗑
|
||||
| are changes in the epigenome reversible? | yes
🗑
|
||||
| how does a mother rat grooming/licking her pups affect the pup's epigenome? | more grooming turns on a gene that is beneficial to mice health.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ruth.baker
Popular Biology sets