science final exam 9
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| What is the largest class of the Phylum Arthropods is the | insecta
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| When an arthropod sheds his exoskeleton, it is called | ecdysis
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| Some arthropods have jaws, therefore they are in the _____ group | Mandibulates
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| Some arthropods have fangs or pincer, therefore they are in the _____ group | chelicerates
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| The Endoskeleton of the starfish is made up of | ossicles
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| The stage of complete metamorphosis consists of | larva, pupa, adult
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| The grasshopper has 4 mouth parts | Labrum, labium, mandibles, maxillas
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| Compound eyes cannot focus very well but they can detect | Motion
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| When the head of an arthropod is fused with the thorax they form the | cephalothorax
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| Small fingerlike projections that grow between the spines of the starfish and work in the respiration and waste removal | Skin gills
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| Starfish uses their ___ as a simple circulatory system | Body cavity
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| Five arms extending radially from a central point | Radial symmetry
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| Crab, lobsters, and shrimp belong to the subphylum | Crustacean
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| Muscular pump | Heart
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| Condition when one lacks on of the clotting proteins | Vena cava
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| Hardening of the arteries | Arteriosclerosis
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| Voice box | larynx
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| Grapevine clusters within the lung | alveoli
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| Condition when one has a decreased level of RBC | Anemia
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| Condition when too many WBC produced in response to cancer | Leukemia
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| High blood pressure | Hypertension
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| Build-up of fatty deposits in inner walls of arteries | atherosclerosis
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| Blood pressure is measured | Systolic/diastolic
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| The walls of the arteries are | Thick so can withstand the pressure of a heart contraction
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| This covers the opening of the trachea | epiglottis
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| A heart attack occurs when the heart doesn't receive enough | Oxygen
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| What percentage of Americans are affected by cardiovascular disease | 16%
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| The normal range of a systolic reading is | 100-130
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| The walls of the capillaries are | thin so gas exchange can occur
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| Normal range of diastolic reading | 70-90
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| When one's diaphragm and ribs return to their original position, ________ is occurring | Exhalation
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| Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone | Tendons
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| Stores fat | Yellow marrow
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| Skull, backbone, and ribcage | Axial skeleton
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| Skin disorder | Psoriasis
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| Gives skin color | Melanin
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| Fast spreading cancer | Malignant melanomas
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| Shoulder blade | Scapula
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| Largest organ of the human body | Skin
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| Produces RBC in bones | Red marrow
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| Shoulder attachment | Pectoral girdle
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| Collarbone | Clavicle
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| Clogged oil ducts | Acne
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| Breastbone | Sternum
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| type of skin cancer, high cure rate | Carcinomas
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| 99% water, 1% dissolved salt and acids | Sweat
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| Hip attachment | Pelvic girdle
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| The layer of actively dividing cells | Basal layer
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| A pulled muscle is a | Muscle strain
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| _____ is a synthetic chemical used to increase muscle size | Anabolic steroid
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| The layer of skin which enables us to since pressure, pain and temperature | Dermis
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| The brown pigment which gives you a tan | Melanin
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| The layer of skin that is made up of mostly dead cells | Corneal layer
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| ____ is formed when the body has to transfer to anaerobic processes for energy | Lactic acid
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| Goosebumps occur when | Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles contract
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| They layer of skin that sloughs off in the shower | Corneal layer
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| The layer of skin which acts like a shock absorber | Subcutaneous tissue
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| elastic tissue connecting bones | ligaments
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| arms and legs are examples | jointed appendages
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| tissue that covers the body surface | epithelial tissue
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| internal skeleton | endoskeleton
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| tissue making up the heart | cardiac tissue
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| where one bone meets another | joints
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| tissue that lines cavities | smooth tissue
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| maintenance of constant internal environment | homeostasis
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| insulates mammals | underhair
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| voice box | larynx
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| grinding and crushing teeth | molars
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| bulb-shaped structure | hair follicle
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| laying shelled eggs | oviparous
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| gives hair color | guard hair
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| nutrients and oxygen to offspring | placenta
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| birth living young | viviparous
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| biting and cutting teeth | incisors
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| time between fertilization and birth | gestation
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| stabbing and holding teeth | canines
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| sheet of muscles at bottom of ribcage | diaphram
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| what 3 characteristic of mammals | - teeth in both jaws
- 4 chambered
- warm blooded
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| flat, thin teeth used for cutting | incisors
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| females supply milk from | mammary glands
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| period of pregnancy | gestation
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| rounded teeth for stabbing | canines
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| body temperature determined by environment | ectothermic
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| food source for developing embryo in egg | yolk
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| outermost membrane of egg | chorion
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| ridge on sternum for muscle attachment | keel
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| song box of birds | syrinx
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| ability to maintain constant body temperature | endothermic
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| a lower jaw loosely connected to the skull is characteristic of | snakes
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| baby chicks hatch with soft down on them | precocial chicks
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| crocodiles and alligators belong to which order | Crocadilia
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| the altricial chicks are | naked, blind and helpless when hatched
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| snakes use what organ to "taste" the air | Jacobson's
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| Only ____ of bird's air is exchanged through the lungs | 25%
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| ____ of the bird's air is routed into the air sacs | 75%
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| Crocodilians are | carnivorous
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| slender filament which make up mold | hyphae
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| tangled mass of hyphae | mycelium
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| obtain energy by absorbing organic molecules | heterotrophic
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| mold which produces penicillin | penicillium
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| the scientific name for baker's yeast is | Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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| the mold which is used for fermenting soy sauce | Aspergillus
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| the yeast responsible for thrush | canidida albicans
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| fungi along heterotrophic bacteria are the _____ of the earth | major decomposers
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| the two groups that make up fungi are | yeasts and molds
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| Fungi in the phylum deuteromycota have been known to cause skin disease in human, such as | - athletes foot
- ringworm
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| the green/white mold we see often on fruits is | Penicillium
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| aquatic organ used for respiration | gills
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| allows fish to rise and sink at will | swim bladder
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| sensory system of fish | lateral line system
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| protective covering of the brain | cranium
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| hard plate that covers the gills on a fish | operculum
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| thin, bony disks that grow from cavities in the fishes skin | scales
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| the swim bladder can generate ____ in order to cause a fish to rise | carbon dioxide
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| the eye of frogs have a ___ that keeps the eye moist and protects then when underwater | transparent membrane
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| the larval form of a frog, the tadpole, gets its energy mainly from algae, making it a ____ | herbivore
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| using this sensory mechanism a fish can detect motionless objects by the reflections of the water | lateral line system
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| these bony disks form growth rings so one can tell the age of a fish | scales
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| caecilians gradually lost this due to a burrowing existence | legs
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| individual segments that make up the backbone | vertebrae
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| baglike respiratory organ for terrestrials | lung
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| the small clusters present in the inner surface of a lung to increase surface | alveoli
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| connected to bird lungs providing the increased level of oxygen required | air sac
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| delivering oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from body tissue | circulatory system
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| oxygen boor blood | deoxygenated
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| opening at the rear of a fish's cheek cavity | gill slits
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| thin sheet of tissue that is located between the mouth and cheeks of fish | gills
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| when the egg is fertilized outside the female's body | external fertilization
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| the process of losing water | dehydration
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| transformation of the larval stage into terrestrial adult form | metamorphosis
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| blood leaks out of blood vessels and bathes the body's tissue directly | open circulatory system
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| heavy fold of tissue that surrounds the visceral mass of the mollusk | mantle
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| tongue like scraping organ | radula
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| eats only plants or algae | herbivores
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| final product of a worm's digestion | castings
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| fleshy appendages of a marine annelid | parapodia
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| the organ used for locomotion by the clam | foot
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| marine mollusks breath with | ciliated gills
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| when cutting open the Bivalve, one had to cut through the ____ muscle first | adductor
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| terrestrial gastropods secrete _____ from their foot so that they can move | mucus
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| when cephalopods quickly closed their mantle cavity forcing water to shoot forcefully out if the siphon, this is referred to as | jet propulsion
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| members of the class Gastropoda include | snails and slugs
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| member of the class Hirudinean include | leeches
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| the segmented worm belongs to which phylum | annelida
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| earthworms have ______ pairs of hearts | 5
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| the class cephalopodia includes the following members | squids and octopus
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| Bivalves are ____ to dig into the sand | a foot
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| two of the most important eukaryotic features that evolved in protests are | multicellularity and sexual reproduction
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| which habitat is least likely to harbor any species of Protista | a desert
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| eukaryotes that di not belong to the fungus, plants, or animal kingdoms are classified as | protists
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| protists obtain their energy by | - being photosynthetic
- ingesting food
- absorbing their food
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| the phylum Rhizopoda use _____ for movement | pseudopodia
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| the paramecium uses what for of locomotion | cilia
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| algae would be defined as a | photosynthetic protist
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| amoebas use what form of movement | pseudopodia
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| protists have mechanisms for responding to stimuli in their environment, an example | eye spot
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| algae obtain their energy by being | phototrophs
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| flexible cytoplasmic extensions which are used for movement are | pseudopodia
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| we benefit from protists being photosynthesizers since we consume the ______ they produce | oxygen
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| what have 2 flagellas for movement | Dinoflagellages
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| are spore formers | sporozoans
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| segment of nucleic acids wrapped in protein coat | virus
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| a rod-shaped bacteria | bacillus
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| a spherical shaped bacteria | coccus
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| a spiral shaped bacteria | spirillum
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| a cell which looks purple under a microscope | gram positive
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| a cell which looks pink under a microscope | gram negative
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| a substance obtained from bacteria of fungi that are used a drugs | antibiotic
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| who discovered penicillin | alexander Fleming
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| a bacteria which produces more than 1/2 of our antibiotics | Streptomyces
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| an organism which obtains its energy from sunlight is said to be | photosynthetic
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| line the following organisms up according to size, smallest to largest bacteria, eukaryote, and virus | virus, bacteria, eukaryote
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| a protein secreted by cells in the immune system in response to a foreign substance in the body is an | antibody
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| an agent which causes disease is a | pathogen
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| a bacterial virus whose capsid is a polyhedral head attached to a helical tail is a | bacteriophage
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| gram negative bacteria is resistant to | penicillin
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| cell division by binary fission | bacteria
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| they are prokaryotes and lack a cell nucleus | bacteria
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| they are single celled | bacteria
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| they participate in mitosis | eukaryotes
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| the following bacteria is either helpful or harmful. determine which and why: Streptomyces, staphylococcus, and rhizobium | Streptomyces: help; it is a bacteria that produces more than 1/2 of our antibodies
staphylococcus: harm; it is puss and is a toxin if you eat it
rhizobium: help; it has the ability to be nitrogen fixed and is good for soil so farmers like this
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| explain how gram positive and gram negative bacteria are constructed and how it relates to the way they stain. | gram positive:peptidoglycan – color purple: cell wall contains large amounts of peptidoglycans wall retains the purple die so they are purple
gram negative:little peptidoglycan – color pink: very thin wall don’t retain purple die therefore appear pink
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| gram positive and gram negative; relate how this determines which antibiotics are effective against them, list examples | gram positive: Penicillin: a antibiotic that kills gram-positive organisms by preventing the proper formation of the peptedcilen cell wall
gram negative :Tetracycline: a antibiotic and gram negatives are also suseptical to this
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| list and describe the 3 methods that bacteria can obtain energy. | Photosynthetic: autotrophs and obtain energy through the sunlight
Chemoautotrophs: obtain energy by removing electrons from inorganic molecules such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide
Heterotrophic: feed on organic material formed by other organisms
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| give examples where applicable for chemoautotroph and heterotrophic | Chemoautotrophs: ex: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter – do the process of nitrification
heterotrophic: decomposers
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Created by:
Lauren Bowers
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