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science final exam 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the largest class of the Phylum Arthropods is the | insecta |
| When an arthropod sheds his exoskeleton, it is called | ecdysis |
| Some arthropods have jaws, therefore they are in the _____ group | Mandibulates |
| Some arthropods have fangs or pincer, therefore they are in the _____ group | chelicerates |
| The Endoskeleton of the starfish is made up of | ossicles |
| The stage of complete metamorphosis consists of | larva, pupa, adult |
| The grasshopper has 4 mouth parts | Labrum, labium, mandibles, maxillas |
| Compound eyes cannot focus very well but they can detect | Motion |
| When the head of an arthropod is fused with the thorax they form the | cephalothorax |
| Small fingerlike projections that grow between the spines of the starfish and work in the respiration and waste removal | Skin gills |
| Starfish uses their ___ as a simple circulatory system | Body cavity |
| Five arms extending radially from a central point | Radial symmetry |
| Crab, lobsters, and shrimp belong to the subphylum | Crustacean |
| Muscular pump | Heart |
| Condition when one lacks on of the clotting proteins | Vena cava |
| Hardening of the arteries | Arteriosclerosis |
| Voice box | larynx |
| Grapevine clusters within the lung | alveoli |
| Condition when one has a decreased level of RBC | Anemia |
| Condition when too many WBC produced in response to cancer | Leukemia |
| High blood pressure | Hypertension |
| Build-up of fatty deposits in inner walls of arteries | atherosclerosis |
| Blood pressure is measured | Systolic/diastolic |
| The walls of the arteries are | Thick so can withstand the pressure of a heart contraction |
| This covers the opening of the trachea | epiglottis |
| A heart attack occurs when the heart doesn't receive enough | Oxygen |
| What percentage of Americans are affected by cardiovascular disease | 16% |
| The normal range of a systolic reading is | 100-130 |
| The walls of the capillaries are | thin so gas exchange can occur |
| Normal range of diastolic reading | 70-90 |
| When one's diaphragm and ribs return to their original position, ________ is occurring | Exhalation |
| Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone | Tendons |
| Stores fat | Yellow marrow |
| Skull, backbone, and ribcage | Axial skeleton |
| Skin disorder | Psoriasis |
| Gives skin color | Melanin |
| Fast spreading cancer | Malignant melanomas |
| Shoulder blade | Scapula |
| Largest organ of the human body | Skin |
| Produces RBC in bones | Red marrow |
| Shoulder attachment | Pectoral girdle |
| Collarbone | Clavicle |
| Clogged oil ducts | Acne |
| Breastbone | Sternum |
| type of skin cancer, high cure rate | Carcinomas |
| 99% water, 1% dissolved salt and acids | Sweat |
| Hip attachment | Pelvic girdle |
| The layer of actively dividing cells | Basal layer |
| A pulled muscle is a | Muscle strain |
| _____ is a synthetic chemical used to increase muscle size | Anabolic steroid |
| The layer of skin which enables us to since pressure, pain and temperature | Dermis |
| The brown pigment which gives you a tan | Melanin |
| The layer of skin that is made up of mostly dead cells | Corneal layer |
| ____ is formed when the body has to transfer to anaerobic processes for energy | Lactic acid |
| Goosebumps occur when | Tiny muscles attached to hair follicles contract |
| They layer of skin that sloughs off in the shower | Corneal layer |
| The layer of skin which acts like a shock absorber | Subcutaneous tissue |
| elastic tissue connecting bones | ligaments |
| arms and legs are examples | jointed appendages |
| tissue that covers the body surface | epithelial tissue |
| internal skeleton | endoskeleton |
| tissue making up the heart | cardiac tissue |
| where one bone meets another | joints |
| tissue that lines cavities | smooth tissue |
| maintenance of constant internal environment | homeostasis |
| insulates mammals | underhair |
| voice box | larynx |
| grinding and crushing teeth | molars |
| bulb-shaped structure | hair follicle |
| laying shelled eggs | oviparous |
| gives hair color | guard hair |
| nutrients and oxygen to offspring | placenta |
| birth living young | viviparous |
| biting and cutting teeth | incisors |
| time between fertilization and birth | gestation |
| stabbing and holding teeth | canines |
| sheet of muscles at bottom of ribcage | diaphram |
| what 3 characteristic of mammals | - teeth in both jaws - 4 chambered - warm blooded |
| flat, thin teeth used for cutting | incisors |
| females supply milk from | mammary glands |
| period of pregnancy | gestation |
| rounded teeth for stabbing | canines |
| body temperature determined by environment | ectothermic |
| food source for developing embryo in egg | yolk |
| outermost membrane of egg | chorion |
| ridge on sternum for muscle attachment | keel |
| song box of birds | syrinx |
| ability to maintain constant body temperature | endothermic |
| a lower jaw loosely connected to the skull is characteristic of | snakes |
| baby chicks hatch with soft down on them | precocial chicks |
| crocodiles and alligators belong to which order | Crocadilia |
| the altricial chicks are | naked, blind and helpless when hatched |
| snakes use what organ to "taste" the air | Jacobson's |
| Only ____ of bird's air is exchanged through the lungs | 25% |
| ____ of the bird's air is routed into the air sacs | 75% |
| Crocodilians are | carnivorous |
| slender filament which make up mold | hyphae |
| tangled mass of hyphae | mycelium |
| obtain energy by absorbing organic molecules | heterotrophic |
| mold which produces penicillin | penicillium |
| the scientific name for baker's yeast is | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| the mold which is used for fermenting soy sauce | Aspergillus |
| the yeast responsible for thrush | canidida albicans |
| fungi along heterotrophic bacteria are the _____ of the earth | major decomposers |
| the two groups that make up fungi are | yeasts and molds |
| Fungi in the phylum deuteromycota have been known to cause skin disease in human, such as | - athletes foot - ringworm |
| the green/white mold we see often on fruits is | Penicillium |
| aquatic organ used for respiration | gills |
| allows fish to rise and sink at will | swim bladder |
| sensory system of fish | lateral line system |
| protective covering of the brain | cranium |
| hard plate that covers the gills on a fish | operculum |
| thin, bony disks that grow from cavities in the fishes skin | scales |
| the swim bladder can generate ____ in order to cause a fish to rise | carbon dioxide |
| the eye of frogs have a ___ that keeps the eye moist and protects then when underwater | transparent membrane |
| the larval form of a frog, the tadpole, gets its energy mainly from algae, making it a ____ | herbivore |
| using this sensory mechanism a fish can detect motionless objects by the reflections of the water | lateral line system |
| these bony disks form growth rings so one can tell the age of a fish | scales |
| caecilians gradually lost this due to a burrowing existence | legs |
| individual segments that make up the backbone | vertebrae |
| baglike respiratory organ for terrestrials | lung |
| the small clusters present in the inner surface of a lung to increase surface | alveoli |
| connected to bird lungs providing the increased level of oxygen required | air sac |
| delivering oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from body tissue | circulatory system |
| oxygen boor blood | deoxygenated |
| opening at the rear of a fish's cheek cavity | gill slits |
| thin sheet of tissue that is located between the mouth and cheeks of fish | gills |
| when the egg is fertilized outside the female's body | external fertilization |
| the process of losing water | dehydration |
| transformation of the larval stage into terrestrial adult form | metamorphosis |
| blood leaks out of blood vessels and bathes the body's tissue directly | open circulatory system |
| heavy fold of tissue that surrounds the visceral mass of the mollusk | mantle |
| tongue like scraping organ | radula |
| eats only plants or algae | herbivores |
| final product of a worm's digestion | castings |
| fleshy appendages of a marine annelid | parapodia |
| the organ used for locomotion by the clam | foot |
| marine mollusks breath with | ciliated gills |
| when cutting open the Bivalve, one had to cut through the ____ muscle first | adductor |
| terrestrial gastropods secrete _____ from their foot so that they can move | mucus |
| when cephalopods quickly closed their mantle cavity forcing water to shoot forcefully out if the siphon, this is referred to as | jet propulsion |
| members of the class Gastropoda include | snails and slugs |
| member of the class Hirudinean include | leeches |
| the segmented worm belongs to which phylum | annelida |
| earthworms have ______ pairs of hearts | 5 |
| the class cephalopodia includes the following members | squids and octopus |
| Bivalves are ____ to dig into the sand | a foot |
| two of the most important eukaryotic features that evolved in protests are | multicellularity and sexual reproduction |
| which habitat is least likely to harbor any species of Protista | a desert |
| eukaryotes that di not belong to the fungus, plants, or animal kingdoms are classified as | protists |
| protists obtain their energy by | - being photosynthetic - ingesting food - absorbing their food |
| the phylum Rhizopoda use _____ for movement | pseudopodia |
| the paramecium uses what for of locomotion | cilia |
| algae would be defined as a | photosynthetic protist |
| amoebas use what form of movement | pseudopodia |
| protists have mechanisms for responding to stimuli in their environment, an example | eye spot |
| algae obtain their energy by being | phototrophs |
| flexible cytoplasmic extensions which are used for movement are | pseudopodia |
| we benefit from protists being photosynthesizers since we consume the ______ they produce | oxygen |
| what have 2 flagellas for movement | Dinoflagellages |
| are spore formers | sporozoans |
| segment of nucleic acids wrapped in protein coat | virus |
| a rod-shaped bacteria | bacillus |
| a spherical shaped bacteria | coccus |
| a spiral shaped bacteria | spirillum |
| a cell which looks purple under a microscope | gram positive |
| a cell which looks pink under a microscope | gram negative |
| a substance obtained from bacteria of fungi that are used a drugs | antibiotic |
| who discovered penicillin | alexander Fleming |
| a bacteria which produces more than 1/2 of our antibiotics | Streptomyces |
| an organism which obtains its energy from sunlight is said to be | photosynthetic |
| line the following organisms up according to size, smallest to largest bacteria, eukaryote, and virus | virus, bacteria, eukaryote |
| a protein secreted by cells in the immune system in response to a foreign substance in the body is an | antibody |
| an agent which causes disease is a | pathogen |
| a bacterial virus whose capsid is a polyhedral head attached to a helical tail is a | bacteriophage |
| gram negative bacteria is resistant to | penicillin |
| cell division by binary fission | bacteria |
| they are prokaryotes and lack a cell nucleus | bacteria |
| they are single celled | bacteria |
| they participate in mitosis | eukaryotes |
| the following bacteria is either helpful or harmful. determine which and why: Streptomyces, staphylococcus, and rhizobium | Streptomyces: help; it is a bacteria that produces more than 1/2 of our antibodies staphylococcus: harm; it is puss and is a toxin if you eat it rhizobium: help; it has the ability to be nitrogen fixed and is good for soil so farmers like this |
| explain how gram positive and gram negative bacteria are constructed and how it relates to the way they stain. | gram positive:peptidoglycan – color purple: cell wall contains large amounts of peptidoglycans wall retains the purple die so they are purple gram negative:little peptidoglycan – color pink: very thin wall don’t retain purple die therefore appear pink |
| gram positive and gram negative; relate how this determines which antibiotics are effective against them, list examples | gram positive: Penicillin: a antibiotic that kills gram-positive organisms by preventing the proper formation of the peptedcilen cell wall gram negative :Tetracycline: a antibiotic and gram negatives are also suseptical to this |
| list and describe the 3 methods that bacteria can obtain energy. | Photosynthetic: autotrophs and obtain energy through the sunlight Chemoautotrophs: obtain energy by removing electrons from inorganic molecules such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide Heterotrophic: feed on organic material formed by other organisms |
| give examples where applicable for chemoautotroph and heterotrophic | Chemoautotrophs: ex: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter – do the process of nitrification heterotrophic: decomposers |
Created by:
Lauren Bowers
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