Mr Camp - Topic 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| active transport | process by which cells use energy (ATP) to transport molecules through a membrane from Low to High concentration. Also used for movement for large molecules, ex: protein, starch, lipids
EX: phagocytosis & pinocytosis
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| amino acid | building block of proteins, connected by peptide bonds
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| cell | basic unit of structure and function, contains organelles
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| cell (plasma) membrane | boundary between cell and its environment, has receptors with specific shapes for specific signals, transports materials into and out of the cell
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| cell respiration | breaks down nutrients to release chemical energy (ATP), types include aerobic & anaerobic
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| Aerobic cell respiration - EQUATION | C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + 36 ATP
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| chloroplast | organelle of plants cells, green color (cholorphyll), site of photosynthesis
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| circulation | flow of material within a cell and between parts of multicellular organisms
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| cytoplasm | jellylike substance of a cell, holds the organelles
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| diffusion | movement of molecules from High to Low concentration, NO ATP required, for small particles ex: amino acids, glucose, CO2, O2, type of passive transport
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| digestion | process that breaks down large, complex substances into small, simple substances
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| enzymes | type of protein, has an active site with a specific shape, works on specific substrate, speed up chemical reactions
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| excretion | removal of METABOLIC wastes from the cell or body
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| metabolic wastes (4) | water, salt, urea & carbon dioxide
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| homeostasis | a.k.a. dynamic equilibrium, maintain constant stable internal conditions regardless of changes in the internal &/or external environment
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| hormone | chemical message produced by an endocrine gland, has a specific shape, binds to receptors with matching shape, found on the TARGET, travels via bloodstream, causes a specific response in target
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| immunity | body's ability to destroy pathogens
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| pathogen | foreign substance, a.k.a. microbe, ex: virus, bacteria, fungus, germ
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| active immunity | when the body is exposed to a pathogen and MAKES its own antibodies. EX: vaccine, become sick
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| vaccine | shot or dead or weakened pathogens into an individual, forces body to make specific antibodies for the specific pathogen
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| passive immunity | when the individual is given the antibodies for a specific disease. EX: medicine from doctors, breast-feeding (newborn)
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| antigen | marker of the surface of a cell that allows individual's body to identify as "self" or "non-self". If "non-self" then WBC will attack (immune response)
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| inorganic | substance that does not contain Carbon or Hydrogen. EX: water (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), salt (NaCl)
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| metabolsim | all chemical reactions that occur in a cells of an organism.
GRRRNETS
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| mitochondria | "powerhouse" of the cell, site of respiration (aerobic & anaerobic), releases ATP from nutrients
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| nucleus | controls the cell's metabolism (life functions)and stores genetic information (DNA)
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| organ | made of different tissues combined to perform a specific function
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| organ system | consists of several organs that work together to perform a major function of the body
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| organelle | structure of a cell that carries out a specific function
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| receptor molecule | protein molecule with a specific shape for specific signal (chemical message,hormone) , found on the surface of a TARGET cell, a specific reaction(response) will follow
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| reproduction | process where an organism produces new organism of the same type, EX: sexual & asexual
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| sexual reproduction | requires two parents, sperm and egg, offspring is a mixture of parent DNA, offspring has genetic variation
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| asexual reproduction | only one parent required, offspring genetically identical to offspring (NO genetic variation)
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| 5 types of asexual reproduction | sporulation, binary fission, budding, regenration, vegetative propagation
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| Anerobic cell respiration | process by which chemical bond energy stored in nutrients (ex: glucose) is released for our cells use, WITHOUT the use of oxygen, cause burning sensation in muscles (lactic acid), occurs during exercise (physical activity)
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| Anerobic respiration - EQUATION | C6H12O6 --> H2O + CO2 + 2ATP + Lactic acid
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| ribosome | found in cytoplasm of cell, site of protein synthesis
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| simple sugars | Ex: glucose (C6H12O6), easily pass through cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy
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| synthesis | life process that combines simple substances into more complex substances
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| tissue | group of specialized cells that perform a specific function
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| vacuole | storage sacs within cytoplasm of a cell, contain either waste, water or food
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mrcamp
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