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Cell Struc. & Func.
Mr Camp - Topic 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | process by which cells use energy (ATP) to transport molecules through a membrane from Low to High concentration. Also used for movement for large molecules, ex: protein, starch, lipids EX: phagocytosis & pinocytosis |
| amino acid | building block of proteins, connected by peptide bonds |
| cell | basic unit of structure and function, contains organelles |
| cell (plasma) membrane | boundary between cell and its environment, has receptors with specific shapes for specific signals, transports materials into and out of the cell |
| cell respiration | breaks down nutrients to release chemical energy (ATP), types include aerobic & anaerobic |
| Aerobic cell respiration - EQUATION | C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2 + 36 ATP |
| chloroplast | organelle of plants cells, green color (cholorphyll), site of photosynthesis |
| circulation | flow of material within a cell and between parts of multicellular organisms |
| cytoplasm | jellylike substance of a cell, holds the organelles |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from High to Low concentration, NO ATP required, for small particles ex: amino acids, glucose, CO2, O2, type of passive transport |
| digestion | process that breaks down large, complex substances into small, simple substances |
| enzymes | type of protein, has an active site with a specific shape, works on specific substrate, speed up chemical reactions |
| excretion | removal of METABOLIC wastes from the cell or body |
| metabolic wastes (4) | water, salt, urea & carbon dioxide |
| homeostasis | a.k.a. dynamic equilibrium, maintain constant stable internal conditions regardless of changes in the internal &/or external environment |
| hormone | chemical message produced by an endocrine gland, has a specific shape, binds to receptors with matching shape, found on the TARGET, travels via bloodstream, causes a specific response in target |
| immunity | body's ability to destroy pathogens |
| pathogen | foreign substance, a.k.a. microbe, ex: virus, bacteria, fungus, germ |
| active immunity | when the body is exposed to a pathogen and MAKES its own antibodies. EX: vaccine, become sick |
| vaccine | shot or dead or weakened pathogens into an individual, forces body to make specific antibodies for the specific pathogen |
| passive immunity | when the individual is given the antibodies for a specific disease. EX: medicine from doctors, breast-feeding (newborn) |
| antigen | marker of the surface of a cell that allows individual's body to identify as "self" or "non-self". If "non-self" then WBC will attack (immune response) |
| inorganic | substance that does not contain Carbon or Hydrogen. EX: water (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), salt (NaCl) |
| metabolsim | all chemical reactions that occur in a cells of an organism. GRRRNETS |
| mitochondria | "powerhouse" of the cell, site of respiration (aerobic & anaerobic), releases ATP from nutrients |
| nucleus | controls the cell's metabolism (life functions)and stores genetic information (DNA) |
| organ | made of different tissues combined to perform a specific function |
| organ system | consists of several organs that work together to perform a major function of the body |
| organelle | structure of a cell that carries out a specific function |
| receptor molecule | protein molecule with a specific shape for specific signal (chemical message,hormone) , found on the surface of a TARGET cell, a specific reaction(response) will follow |
| reproduction | process where an organism produces new organism of the same type, EX: sexual & asexual |
| sexual reproduction | requires two parents, sperm and egg, offspring is a mixture of parent DNA, offspring has genetic variation |
| asexual reproduction | only one parent required, offspring genetically identical to offspring (NO genetic variation) |
| 5 types of asexual reproduction | sporulation, binary fission, budding, regenration, vegetative propagation |
| Anerobic cell respiration | process by which chemical bond energy stored in nutrients (ex: glucose) is released for our cells use, WITHOUT the use of oxygen, cause burning sensation in muscles (lactic acid), occurs during exercise (physical activity) |
| Anerobic respiration - EQUATION | C6H12O6 --> H2O + CO2 + 2ATP + Lactic acid |
| ribosome | found in cytoplasm of cell, site of protein synthesis |
| simple sugars | Ex: glucose (C6H12O6), easily pass through cell membrane WITHOUT the use of energy |
| synthesis | life process that combines simple substances into more complex substances |
| tissue | group of specialized cells that perform a specific function |
| vacuole | storage sacs within cytoplasm of a cell, contain either waste, water or food |
Created by:
mrcamp
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