Chapter 10- Effie Subardoe
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| What does the arthropod order include? | Include the ant, the locust, and the spiders
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| Arthropods | Invertebrates with external skeletons and jointed appendages
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| The five major classes of arthropods are ______, __________,________,__________, and _________. | Insects, crusaceans, archanids, centipedes, and millipedes
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| Exoskeletons | Outside skeletons
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| Chitin | This protein composes the exoskeletons
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| What are the five major characteristics arthropods share? | Exoskeleton, segemented bodies, jointed appendages, open circulatory system, molting
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| Molting | The shedding of the endoskeleton
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| Open system of circulation | When the blood is not restricted to blood vessels
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| Jean-Henri Fabre | Frenchmen who contributed much to the stody of insects
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| Entomologist | A zoologist who studies insects
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| Fabre became known as the greatest __________. | Entomologist
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| The class Insecta | Insects
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| Insects are ___ ____ ______ ___ _______ _______. | The most varied and numerous creatures
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| The instect's three distinct body regions | Head, thorax, abdomen
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| All singles have a single pair of _________. | Antennae
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| Most adult insects have either ______ eyes or ________ eyes. | simple, compound
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| Spiracles | Tiny opening that lead to the trachea
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| Insects are the only invertebrates that can ___. | fly
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| Direct development | When an insects is a miniature replica of their parents and merly grow larger with each molt
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| What are the two types of metaporphises for insects? | Complete or incomplete
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| Complete metamorphis | When a egg turns into a larva, then a pupa (usually in a cocoon or chrysalis), then adult
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| Larva | A worm-like growing stage
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| Cocoon or chrysallis | A protective case to spend to pupa stage in
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| Adult insects do not _____ or ____. | grow, molt
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| Incomplete metamorphis | When an insect goes into an egg, then nymph, then molts into and adult
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| Nymph | An immature form of an insect that resembles the adult but has different body proportions and lack wings
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| Although an insect's eyes are immovable and its head has only limited movement, it's bulging compound eyes enable it to see _______ __________ __ _ ______ . | several directions at a time
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| Optic (sight) nerve | Transmits the information from an insect's lenses through to the insect's brain.
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| Insect antennae have a wide range of ____, _____, and ______. | shapes, sizes, uses
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| Sensilla | "little sense organ"; usually look like tiny hairs
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| Each insect has a "custom-made" set of __________ designed to fit the food God planned for it to eat. | mouthparts
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| Labrum | An insect's upper lip
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| Labium | An insect's lower lip
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| Palps | Sensory organs insects use to feel and taste their food
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| Maxillae | Paired jaws that assist the mandibles
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| Most types of insects have ___ _____ __ ______. | two pairs of wings
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| Many insects are grouped in orders by the ____ ___ _______ ___ _____ _______. | design and structures of their wings
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| "-ptera" | Wing
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| The easiest way to distinguish between the thorax is to what? | Notice the attachment of the legs; the legs attach only to the thorax
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| An insect has an intricately designed and amazingly complex ______ _______. | respiratory network
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| Tracheoles | The smallest tubes in an insect's respiratory system that attach directly to individual cells, providing them with a rich supply of oxygen and removing carbon dioxide
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| Ovipositor | An egg-laying organ a female has on the end of her abdomen
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| Beetles | Make up the Coleoptera order
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| Coleoptera | Sheathed wings; the largest order of insects
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| Elytra | Hard fore-wings a beetle has that fit closely over its body like a shell
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| Ladybug [ladybird beetle] | A beetle that feeds on aphids
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| Aphids | Plant lice
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| Weevils [snout beetles] | Have hard coats and strong legs and a rostrum
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| Rostrum | A beak-like projection at the front of a weevil's body
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| Granary weevils | Destroy oats and rye
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| Boll weevil | Destroy cotton plants
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| Firefly [lighting bug] | Beetles that produce light during mating season
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| Fireflies are among the few species of terrestrial animals that exhibit ______________. | bioluminescence
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| Whirligig beetles | Swim on the surface of a pond; God gave them four compound eyes; two above the water, two under
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| Predatory diving beetle | Stores air in spaces under its elytra; spiracles open to these spaces allowing it to breathe underwater
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| Bug | An insect with a special type of piercing-sucking mouthparts
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| Hemiptera [half wings] | Order made up of true bugs and includes some common pests
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| In Hemiptera, the front half of the fore-wings are ________, like a beetle's elytra, while the back half are ___________ like most insect wings | hardened, membranous
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| Stinkbug | Posses glands that produce an oily substance with a bad odor
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| Homoptera [same wings] | An order in which the insect's wings are normally of the same size, shape, and form
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| Lac insect | Lives in Asia and secretes a resinous substance that can be processed into shellac [used for lacquer and wood finishes
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| Cicada | Lives underground as a nymph for 13 or 17 years, and the tunnels to the surface to spend a week or two as an adult
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| Diptera "two wings" | Order has piercing-sucking mouthparts; includes mosquitoes flies and gnats
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| Mosquitoes | Female mosquitoes bite to obtain the animal or human blood that she need for the proper development of eggs
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| Anticoagulant | A substance that delays or prevents blood clotting
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| Housefly | A carrier of the microbes responsible for such diseases as dysentery and typhoid fever
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| Maggots | The larvae of flies
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| Crane fly | About three times the size of a mosquito but does not bite
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| Black flies or buffalo gnats | Live around a pond and are active during the day; females are bloodsuckers
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| True midge | Is smaller than a mosquito and has feathery antennae
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| Horsefly and deerfly | Closely resemble houseflies but they are larger
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| Orthoptera "straight wings" | Includes crickets, grasshoppers, katydids, locusts, mantises, and cockroaches
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| When insects from the order Orthoptera are not flying, they hold their narrowly folded wings _____ ___ ____ ____. | straight along their body
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| What two groups are grasshoppers divided into? | Long-horned grasshoppers and short-horned grasshoppers
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| Long-horned grasshoppers | Include katydids and crickets
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| Short-horned grasshopper | Locusts
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| Because each species of grasshoppers has a distinctive song, a trained ear can identify a particular type of grasshopper (locust), cricket or katydid by ___ even more accurately than _________. | song , appearance
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| Stridulatory organs | Grasshopper's "musical instruments"
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| How exactly does a grasshopper make sound | The scraper is rubbed across a file, and the forewings resonate this sound
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| Scraper | Often with a row of ridges like a comb
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| File | May be smooth or bumpy
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| Mantis | Uses a praying stance to catch bugs and has a long, slender body
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| Cokcroaches | Among the word'smost numerous insects
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| Brazilian cockroach and the Madagascar hissing cockroach | Kept as pets
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| Odenta "toothed" (this name does no refer to wings) | The order Dragonflies and damselflies are in
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| Dragonflies | Recognizable by their long, slender bodies and two pairs of nearly transparent wings of almost identical size
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| Damselflies | Similar to dragonflies but smaller and are usually a bright, sky ble color
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| While dragonflies hold their wings __________ when not in flight, damselflies hold their wings _____ ___ _____; this is the big difference between dragon and damsel flies. | horizontally, upward and backward
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| Neuroptera "nerve wings" | Include ant lions and lacewings
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| The ant lion is sometimes called the ___ ____ _____ to distinguish it from its larval form. | ant lion fly
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| What are ant lions known for? | For making insect traps in sandy areas protected by rain
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| Lacewings | Feed on aphids; sometimes they eat so many that they are called aphid lions
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| Hymenoptera "membrane wings" | Pass through the stages of complete metamorphosis, includes the social insects
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| Social insects | Ants, bees, and wasps
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| Honeybees | Live in nearly every area of the world; have very organized communities
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| Queen | Her function is to lay eggs
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| Drones {male bees} | Fly with the queen so that she can mate with one of them, making it possible for her to lay her fertilized eggs
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| Fertilized bee eggs develop into _________, unfertilized to _____. | females, males
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| Worker bees {females} | Perform various specialized (they pretty much do all the work)
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| A particular worker's job generally depends on her ___. | age
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| Crop | A saclike organ that holds the liquid from nectar
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| Stinger | A bee's defense mechanism
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| Why shouldn't you take a bee stinger out with tweezers? | You could squeeze the poison out
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| How do bumblebees differ from honeybees? | The queen only live through the winter
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| Wasps | Resemble bees in both appearance an behavior
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| What are the differences between bees and wasps? | The wasp has a long and thin body with little or no hair and a threadlike waist, while a bee's body is thick and round and furry with no clearly visible waist
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| Hornets, yellow jackets, and social and paper wasps | Make paperlike nests
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| All members of a ____ _____' colony, except the queens, die before winter | social wasps
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| Solitary wasps | Don't live in organized wasps
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| Mud dauber | Builds neat rows of cells out of mud; puts paralyzed spiders in the cells to ensure that her larvae will have food
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| Potter wasps | Use mud to construct cells that look like tiny pots or urns
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| Ants | Social insect that is omnivorous
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| All ants are ______. | social
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| How many queens can an ant colony have? | Several
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| Soldier ants | Specialized workers equipped with large mandibles that may be used in fighting for the colony
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| Dairy ants | Feed and protect aphids in order to "milk" them for food; found on every continent besides Antartica
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| Cornfield ants | Tends "herds" of corn root aphids
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| Honeydew | A sweet substance ants obtain from aphids that nourishes the ant
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| Mutualism | A close relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit
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| Army ant | Spends its life wandering
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| Driver ants | The African species of Army ants
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| Ant nests ____ ___ _____. | vary in size
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| In spite of it's many legs, a millipede moves __________. | Slowly
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| Diplopoda "double feet" | Includes millipedes
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| Centipedes prey upon ______ _______, including ___________ and _________. | pesky insects, cockroaches, silverfish
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| Chiplopoda "lip feet" | Includes centipedes; carnivorous
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| Dermatitis | Inflammation of the skin
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| Because of the diseases they transmit, _______ and _____ join fleas, flies, and mosquitoes as man's worst arthropod enemies. | mites and ticks
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| Chigger | The larva form of a harvest mite; near microscopic, can cause dermatitis
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| Scabies | A skin disease caused by mites
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| Mange | Another skin disease caused by mites; fatal to animals if not treated
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| Cattle tick | Often infects cattle with the Texas fever
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| Ticks can transmit diseases like _______ ______ ______ _______ (wood tick) or _______ __________(deer tick). | Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease
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| While mites are usually no longer than ____ ___ ___ ______, a tick may measure over ____ ______ after consuming a large meal of blood. | 1/25 of an inch, an inch
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| Mites and Ticks | By far the most numerous arachnids
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| Pseudoscorpions posses ____ ________. | silk glands
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| Book scorpions | A name given to Pseudoscorpions because they like to hide between the pages of books
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| Pseudoscorpions | "false scorpions; the difference is they have no stinger, are smaller, and it has a short, flattened abdomen
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| Female scorpions do not _____ ____, but have _____ ______. | lay eggs, live young
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| Scorpions | Found in the southern and south-western United States and in all tropical climates; range in length from less than an inch to about 8 inches
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| A harvestman is not a spider because it has only ____ _____, and lacks a _________, or "waist", between its two body regions. | two eyes, constriction
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| Harvestmen (daddy longlegs) | A group of archanids known for the extremely long, spindley legs
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