exam
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| Renin/Angiotensinogen | raises blood pressure
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| EPO | glycoprotein hormone that controls RBC production
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| ADH | stimulates kidneys to absorb water
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| Glucagon | raises blood sugar levels
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| insulin | decreases blood sugar levels
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| ANP | reduces blood pressure;heart
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| aldosterone | regulates Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by kidney;adrenal cortex
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| thyroxine | accelerates metabolic rate in most tissue;secreted by thyroid gland
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| epinephrine | adrenaline;adrenal medulla
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| cholecalciferol | inactive form of vitamin D3; exposed to ultraviolet
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| Vitamin D | promotes calcium absorption
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| oxytocin | stimulates contraction of uterus during child birth
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| antagonistic | hormone that opposes another hormone
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| synergistic | hormone that amplifies another hormone
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| permissive | hormone cannot work without other hormone
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| humoral | hormone release caused by altered levels of certain ions or nutrients
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| neural | hormone release caused by neural output
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| hormonal | hormone release caused by another hormone
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| Graves's disease | disorder resulting from hyperactive thyroid gland
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| diabetes | disease caused by insufficient insulin release
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| cretinism | caused by severe hypothyroidism
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| Cushing's disease | caused by ACTH-releasing pituitary tumor
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| goiter | enlarged protruding thyroid gland
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| bilirubin | yellow pigment of bile
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| hemoglobin | oxygen-transporting protein of erythrocytes
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| factor viii | anti-hemophiliac factor
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| SA node | sets the pace for the heart
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| AV node | signal is 0.1 second behind
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| bundle of his | conduct the impulses through the inter ventricular septum
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| purkinje fibers | depolarize the cells of both ventricles
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| lacteal | lymphatic capillaries of the small intestine that take up lipids
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| lymph nodes | filters lymph; contains macrophages and lymphocytes
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| hydroxyurea | drug to treat chronic leukemia
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| Sickle cell | caused by abnormal hemoglobin
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| plasma | fluid part of blood
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| bone marrow | blood forming tissue within bone
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| erythrocytes | red blood cells
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| antigens | recognized as foreign to the immune system
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| antibodies | binds to an antigen to destroy it
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| leukocytes | white blood cells; immune response
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| platelets | cell fragment found in blood
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| polycythemia | abnormally high number of RBC
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| hemophilia | hereditary bleeding disorder; blood does not clot properly
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| diapedesis | the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation
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| artery | carry blood away from the heart
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| arteriole | minute artery
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| capillary | smallest of blood vessels and the site of exchange between blood and tissue cells
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| venule | a small vein
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| vein | return blood to the heart
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| limbic system | involved in emotion response and memory formation
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| hippocampus | converts new info into long-term memories
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| amygdala | center for emotional response; fear
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| ependymal cell | CNS supporting cell; lines central cavities of brain and spinal cord
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| Schwann cell | PNS supporting cell; produce myelin sheaths
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| oligodendrocytes | CNS supporting cell; forms myelin sheaths
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| choroid plexus | produces cerebrospinal fluid
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| ventricles | function as major blood pumps in the heart; cavities in the brain
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| arachnoid villi | weblike; middle layer of 3 meninges
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| olfactory | sensory nerve for smell
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| optic | sensory nerve of vision
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| oculomotor | supplies muscles that control eye movement and raises upper eyelids
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| trochlear | innervates the superior oblique eye muscle that runs through a pulley-like loop
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| trigeminal | supplies motor nerves for chewing
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| abducens | turns the eye laterally
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| facial | innervates muscles of facial expression
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| glosso-pharyngeal | innervates tongue and throat
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| vagus | extends to throat and abdomen
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| accessory | supplies motor fibers to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
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| vestibulo-cochlear | sensory nerve for hearing and vision
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| thalamus | distributes info to the right place
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| pineal(body) gland | aware of light change
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| cerebellum | center for coordination, balance, muscle tone, posture
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| medulla | primitive brain region, control heartbeat, involuntary actions
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| pons | works with medulla
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| hypothalamus | center for many homeostats; constantly checking levels in the body
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| universal donor | O negative
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| universal recipient | AB
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| PDGF | Platelet-derived growth factor is one of the numerous growth factors, or proteins that regulate cell growth and division
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| TTX | potent neurotoxin
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| atropine | helps keep your heart rate stable after a heart attack or during surgery
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| TRH | stimulates the release of TSH and prolactin from the anterior pituitary
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| TSH | stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine and then triiodothyronine which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body
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| thyroxine | responsible for regulation of metabolism
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| PNS | connect the central nervous system to the limbs and organs
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| ANS | control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions
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| CNS | integrates information it receives from, and coordinates and influences the activity of, all parts of the bodies
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