all about the heart, dxs, iii, diseases
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| carry oxygen-rich blood away from your heart | arteries
🗑
|
||||
| carry oxygen-poor blood back to your heart | veins
🗑
|
||||
| oxygen-rich blood are colored | red
🗑
|
||||
| oxygen-poor blood are colored | blue
🗑
|
||||
| yellowish liquid that is 90% water | plasma
🗑
|
||||
| is actually a tissue, about 80% water and 20% solid | blood
🗑
|
||||
| 3 main types of blood | platelets, RBC, WBC
🗑
|
||||
| help the blood to clot | platelets or thrombocytes
🗑
|
||||
| life span of RBC | 120 days
🗑
|
||||
| cells that ward off infection | WBC
🗑
|
||||
| what blood contains | hormones, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, gases
🗑
|
||||
| organ that filters and cleans blood | kidney
🗑
|
||||
| different blood types | A, B, AB, O
🗑
|
||||
| universal donor | type O
🗑
|
||||
| natural pacemaker | SA node
🗑
|
||||
| main artery of systemic circulation | aorta
🗑
|
||||
| supplies blood to felt side of heart | circumflex artery
🗑
|
||||
| regulates blood flow between right atrium and right ventricle | tricuspid valve
🗑
|
||||
| controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries | pulmonary valve
🗑
|
||||
| allows oxygen rich blood to pass from left atrium to left ventricle | mitral valve
🗑
|
||||
| opens the way for oxygen rich blood to pass from left ventricle into the aorta | aortic valve
🗑
|
||||
| channels that carry blood to or from all tissues | blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| two circulatory circuits | pulmonary & systemic circulation
🗑
|
||||
| where oxygenation & carbon dioxide removal occur | lungs
🗑
|
||||
| where food products enter from the digestive organs | portal vein
🗑
|
||||
| what does lymphatic system consists of? | lymph/interstitial fluid, lymphatics, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, thymus
🗑
|
||||
| bone marrow life span of platelets | 10 days
🗑
|
||||
| function of platelets | blood clotting
🗑
|
||||
| function of lymphocytes | immunity
🗑
|
||||
| function of T-cells | attack virus containing cells
🗑
|
||||
| function of B-cells | produce antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| function of neutrophil | phagocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| functions of plasma | maintenance of pH level near 7.4; transport of large molecules; immunity; blood clotting
🗑
|
||||
| controls vessel size of arteries | sympathetic nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| artery that supplies the brain & skull | carotid artery
🗑
|
||||
| artery that supplies the abdomen | mesenteric (intestines), celiac (stomach, liver, spleen), renal (kidney), iliac (pelvis)
🗑
|
||||
| artery that supplies the upper extremity | brachial/axillary (upper arm), radial & ulnar (forearm & hand),borsal carpal (fingers)
🗑
|
||||
| artery that supplies the lower extremity | femoral (thighs), popliteal (leg), dorsal pedis & posterior tibial (foot)
🗑
|
||||
| point of exchange between the blood and surrounding tissues | capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| vessels that collect blood from all body parts; largest veins | superior and inferior vena cava
🗑
|
||||
| 3 layers of blood vessels | intima, media, adventitia
🗑
|
||||
| blood vessel layer that expands when pressure surges then snaps back to push blood forward when the heart rests | smooth muscle media
🗑
|
||||
| the only artery that carries oxygen poor blood | pulmonary artery
🗑
|
||||
| normal heart rate | 60-100 beats
🗑
|
||||
| sound of heart contracting | "lub-dub"
🗑
|
||||
| one cardiac cycle consists of: | atrial contraction & relaxation, ventricular contraction &relaxation, and a short pause
🗑
|
||||
| part where there is contraction of the heart muscle in the ventricles | systole
🗑
|
||||
| part where there is relaxation of the ventricular heart muscles | diastole
🗑
|
||||
| increased pressure on the arteries due to the contraction of the ventricles | systolic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| decreased pressure due to the relaxation of the ventricles | diastolic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| part of the brain that regulates blood pressurea and breathing | medulla
🗑
|
||||
| machine that shows electrical activity of the heart | ECG
🗑
|
||||
| represents atrial depolarization | P wave
🗑
|
||||
| represents depolarization at the Bundle of His | Q wave
🗑
|
||||
| represents the main spread of depolarization from inside out through the base of the ventricles | R wave
🗑
|
||||
| shows the subsequent depolarization of the rest of the ventricles upwards from base | S wave
🗑
|
||||
| represents repolarizartion of the myocardium after systole is complete | T wave
🗑
|
||||
| types of alveolar artery | superior & inferior
🗑
|
||||
| 2 parts of superior alveolar artery | anterior & posterior
🗑
|
||||
| measures blood pressure throughout the day and night; believed to be able to reduce the white coat HPN | ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM)
🗑
|
||||
| medical imagaing technique to visualize the inside (lumen) of blodd vessels & organs of the body; traditionally done by injecting radiopaque contrast agent | angiography or arteriography
🗑
|
||||
| a medical specialty which studies diseases of circulatory system and of lymphatic system | angiology
🗑
|
||||
| stimulates the release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex causing blood vessels to constrict and increase blood pressure up | angiotensin
🗑
|
||||
| is a renin substrate; an α-2-globulin released by the liver | angiotensinogen
🗑
|
||||
| formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen; precursor to angiotensin 2 | angiotensin 1
🗑
|
||||
| found predominantly in the capillaries of the lungs | ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
🗑
|
||||
| medications that decrease the rate of angiotensin 2 production; major drug against HPN | ACE inhibitor
🗑
|
||||
| a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and lose potassium | aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| the ratio of the blood pressure in the lower legs to the BP in the arms | ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)
🗑
|
||||
| chemoreceptors responsible for sensing changes in blood gases | glomus cells (located in carotid & aortic bodies; helps regulate breathing)
🗑
|
||||
| other names of aortic sinuses | sinus of Valsalva; sinus of Morgagni; Petit's sinus
🗑
|
||||
| a result of an aortic valve that fails to open fully thereby obstructing blood flow out from the heart | aortic stenosis
🗑
|
||||
| a result of incompetent aortic valve and blood flows passively back to the heart in the wrong direction | aortic insufficiency/aortic regurgitation
🗑
|
||||
| is the lowest superficial part of the heart and is directed downward, forward, to the left and is overlapped by the left lung and pleura | apex of the heart
🗑
|
||||
| the primary site of vascular resistance | arteriole
🗑
|
||||
| is an arteriole which bypasses capillary circulation | metarterioles
🗑
|
||||
| are veins that connect the pelvic veins to the internal vertebral venous plexus & allows metastasis of cancer from pelvic organs to vertebral column | Batson's veins
🗑
|
||||
| a cardiac shunt which allows blood to flow freely between the right and left heart | bidirectional shunt
🗑
|
||||
| refers to the force exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels | blood pressure (arterial pressure)
🗑
|
||||
| most critical nutrient carried by the blood | hemoglobin (oxygen)
🗑
|
||||
| is the constriction of blood vessels | vasoconstriction
🗑
|
||||
| is part of the blood-ocular barrier that consists of cells that are joined tightly together to prevent certain substances from entering the tissue of the retina | blood-retinal barrier or BRB
🗑
|
||||
| eye damage that is a result of diabetes & is related to the breakdown of blood retinal barrier | diabetic retinopathy
🗑
|
||||
| is the localized reduction of blood flow to the brain or parts of the brain due to arterial obstruction or systemic hyperfusion | brain ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| a condition where a blood clot has occured & occluded a cerebral vessel | focal brain ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| a condition when blood ceases to flow or the blood flow to the brain decreases drastically | global brain ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| the smallest body of blood vessels | capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| 3 types of capillaries | continuous; fenestrated; sinusoidal or discontinuous
🗑
|
||||
| type of capillaries that have a sealed endothelium & only allow small molecules to diffuse | continuous capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| are capillaries that have pores in the endothelial cells that are spanned by a diaphragm of radially oreiented fibrils & allow molecules & limited amounts of protein to diffuse | fenestrated capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| are fenestrated capillaries that have larger openings in the endothelium to allow RBC & serum CHONs to enter | sinusoidal or discontinuous capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| a rate at which blood refills empty capillaries | capillary refill
🗑
|
||||
| is a common measure of dehydration & peripheral perfusion | capillary refill time/nail blanch test
🗑
|
||||
| refers to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity | cardiorespiratory fitness
🗑
|
||||
| responsible for the change of heart rate | cardiovascular centre (medulla)
🗑
|
||||
| is a hiatus in the diaphragm of humans through which passes the inferior vena cava at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebra | caval opening
🗑
|
||||
| is the blood supply to the brain in a given time | cerebral blood flow
🗑
|
||||
| is a layer of capillaries that is immediately adjacent to Bruch's membrane in the choroid | choriocapillaries
🗑
|
||||
| drugs that alter heart rate | chronotropic drugs * positive -- increase HR * negative -- decrease HR
🗑
|
||||
| a cv test performed by immersing the hand into an ice water container & measuring the changes in BP & HR; clinically indicate vascular response @ pulse excitability | cold pressor
🗑
|
||||
| is often a result of anastomoses -- branches formed between adjacent blood vessels | collateral circulation
🗑
|
||||
| a nervous system response to severe cerebral ischemia | Cushing reflex
🗑
|
||||
| are blood supply of a tooth | dental canaliculi or dentinal tubules
🗑
|
||||
| is a branch of the splenic artery that supplies pancreas | dorsal pancreatic artery
🗑
|
||||
| true or false: all animals with lungs have a double circulatory system | true (because it has two loops - one from the heart to the lungs & one from the heart to rest of the body)
🗑
|
||||
| 3 main types of valves | bicuspid, tricuspid, 2 semilunar valves
🗑
|
||||
| an agent that affects the conduction velocity of the AV node & subsequently the rate of electrical impulses in the heart | dromotropic agents
🗑
|
||||
| is the volume of arterial blood (vascular extracellular fluid) effectively perfusing the tissue | effective circulating volume (ECV)
🗑
|
||||
| a layer of thin cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels; helps in reducing turbulence flow of the blood | endothelium
🗑
|
||||
| a compound secreted by endothelial cells w/c leads to nitic oxide & prostacyclin independent vasodilation by relaxation of vascular smooth muscle | endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)
🗑
|
||||
| refers to the circulation of bile from the liver to the small intestine then back to the liver | enterohepatic circulation
🗑
|
||||
| system that directs nutrient rich blood from the intestines to the liver | hepatic portal system
🗑
|
||||
| when a cholesterol is metabolized, it results to: | cholic acid & chenodeoxycholic acid
🗑
|
||||
| an adaptive mechanism that causes blood to pass the lung without being oxygenated | Euler-Liljestrand mechanism
🗑
|
||||
| is an excessive rise in blood pressure during exercise | exercise hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| is the soft tissue component of the connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber | fascia
🗑
|
||||
| 3 layers of fascia | superficial, deep, visceral
🗑
|
||||
| serves as a storage of fat & water, as a passageway for lymph, nerve, & blood vessels, as a protective padding to cushion & insulate | superficial fascia
🗑
|
||||
| is the dense fibrous connective tissue that interpenetrates & surrounds the muscles, bones, nerves, & blood vessesl of body | deep fascia
🗑
|
||||
| this suspends the organs within their cavities & wraps them in layers of connective tissue membranes; is a double layer fascia | visceral fascia (parietal [outer] & visceral [inner])
🗑
|
||||
| specialized name for the visceral fascia found in the brain | meninges
🗑
|
||||
| specialized name for the visceral fascia found in the heart | pericardia
🗑
|
||||
| specialized name for the visceral fascia found in the lungs | pleura
🗑
|
||||
| composed of macrophage white blood cells and is the term generally given to the earliest stage of atheroma | fatty streak
🗑
|
||||
| are cells in an atheroma derived from both macrophages & smooth muscle cells w/c have accumulated LDL by endocytosis | foam cells
🗑
|
||||
| in fetal heart, this allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium | foramen ovale or ostium secundum of Born
🗑
|
||||
| an embryonic remnant of the foramen ovale w/c commonly closes after birth | fossa ovalis
🗑
|
||||
| failure of the foramen ovale of the heart to close | patent foramen ovale
🗑
|
||||
| is the system of blood vessels that links the hypothalamus & the ant. pituitary; allows endocrine communication bet. two structures | hypophyseal portal system (hypotahalmo-hypophyseal portal system)
🗑
|
||||
| is an artery in the pelvis that supplies the lower part of the bladder | inferior vesical
🗑
|
||||
| an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions | inotropics (positive [increases strength] & negative [decreases strenght])
🗑
|
||||
| is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the ehart | interatrial septum
🗑
|
||||
| is the stout wall separating the lower chambers of the heart from one another | interventricular septum or ventricular septum
🗑
|
||||
| is smooth muscle in the center of arteries that paradoxically keep the artery patent | intimal cushion
🗑
|
||||
| three ways that blood vessels are known to be formed | intussusception, angiogenesis, vasculogenesis
🗑
|
||||
| is the process whereby a new blood vessel is created by the splitting of an existing blood vessel in two | intussusception
🗑
|
||||
| a restriction in blood supply with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue | ischemia
🗑
|
||||
| term denoting a shortage of oxygen | hypoxia
🗑
|
||||
| where Na+ and water is reabsorbed | distal convoluted tubule
🗑
|
||||
| the part that senses the decrease in GFR and Na+ levels | macula densa
🗑
|
||||
| the cells taht senses the decrease in blood pressure | juxtaglomerular cells
🗑
|
||||
| a term used to describe myocardial relaxation | lusitropy
🗑
|
||||
| when this is increased, it promotes positive lusitropy & enables the heart to relax more rapidly | catecholamine
🗑
|
||||
| are tiny thin-walled blood vessel that are closed at one end & are located in spaces bet. cells throughout the body except the cns | lymph capillaries
🗑
|
||||
| 3 common macrovascular diseases | coronary (heart), cerebrovascular (brain), peripheral vascular disease (limbs)
🗑
|
||||
| a mechanism of how arteries & arterioles react to an increase or decrease of BP to keep the blood flow within the blood vessel constant | myogenic mechanism
🗑
|
||||
| is the rate of blood filtration by the nephron | glomeruclar filtration rate
🗑
|
||||
| a pericardial sinus that is located between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium | oblique sinus
🗑
|
||||
| the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso-mesentary pericardium reside | transverse sinus
🗑
|
||||
| a condition wherein the truncus arteriosus is not properly divided into pulmonary artery & aorta | persistent truncus arteriosus
🗑
|
||||
| occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins | portal venous system
🗑
|
||||
| is the coexistence of portal hypertension & pulmonary hypertension | portopulmonary hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| is a band of smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary | precapillary sphincter
🗑
|
||||
| is a catheter that measures pulmonary capillary wedge pressure | Swan-Ganz catheter
🗑
|
||||
| it is the pressure measured in a pulmonary artery after occlusion of that arery | pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (pcwp)
🗑
|
||||
| is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure & water (fluid) balance | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
🗑
|
||||
| this stimulates the production of angiotensin | renin
🗑
|
||||
| is made in the hypothalamus & is released from the post. pituitary gland to stimulate reabsorption of water in the kidneys | vasopressin
🗑
|
||||
| functions in the destruction of redundant RBC & hold a reservoir of blood | spleen
🗑
|
||||
| refers to an angiosarcoma arising from chronic lymphedema | Stewart-Treves syndrome
🗑
|
||||
| largest branch of the axillary artery | subscapular artery
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
zhilan
Popular Nursing sets