Skin Disorders
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| epidermis | outer layer of the skin; consists of 5 layers, which vary in thickness at different areas of the body; no blood vessels or nerves
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| dermis | thick layer of connective tissue that includes elastic & collagen fibers and varies in thickness over the body; consist of nerves & blood vessels
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| keratin | a protein found in the skin, hair, & nails
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| macule | small flat, circumscribed lesion of a different color
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| cellulitis | infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
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| excoration | abrasion or injury to skin
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| denuded | stripping off skin, leaving bare
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| atopic | inherited tendancy toward allergic conditions
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| skin lesions | helpful in making a diagnosis
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| autoinoculation | transfer by fingers of microbes from one site to another
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| Herpes Simplex Type 1 | cold sores or fever blisters
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| pustule | elevated, erythematous lesion containing purulent exudate
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| albinism | recessive trait leading to lack of melanin production
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| lichenification | thick & leathery patches
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| Kaposi Sarcoma | purplish macules often on face, scalp, oral mucosa
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| scabies | invasion by a mite into epidermis causing inflammation/pruritis
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| candida infections | fungal infection
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| squamous cell carcinoma | painless, malignant tumor of epidermis
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| pemphigus | autoantibodies disrupt cohesion between epidermal cells
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| keratoses | benign lesions usually associated with aging
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| sebum | keeps the hair & skin soft & retards fluid loss
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| skin | largest organ in the body
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| papule | small, firm, elevated lesion
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| nodule | palpable elevated lesion; varies in size
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| vesicle | elevated, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid (blister)
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| plaque | large, slightly elevated lesion with flat surface, often topped by scale
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| crust | dry, rough surface or dried exudate or blood
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| keloid | raised, irregular, & increasing mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar tissue formation
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| fissure | small, deep, linear crack or tear in skin
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| ulcer | cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis & dermis, often weeping or bleeding
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| erosion | shallow, moist cavity in epidermis
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| comedone | mass of sebum, keratin, & debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle
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| Contact Dermatitis | may be caused by exposure to an allergen or by direct chemical or mechanical irritation of the skin
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| Urticaria | hives; results from a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, commonly caused by ingested substances such as shellfish or certain fruits or drugs
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| Atopic Dermatitis | eczema; affected skin appears dry & scaling with thick & leathery patches
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| Psoriasis | chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by remissions & exacerbations. Results from abnormal activation of T cells & an associated increase in cytokines in affected tissue.
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| Scleroderma | collagen deposition in the arterioles & capillaries reduces blood flow to the skin and/or internal organs leading to hard, shiny, tight, immovable areas of the skin
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| Furuncles | boil; an infection usually by S. aureus, which begins in a hair follicle & spreads into the surrounding dermis
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| Impetigo | highly contagious infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci; lesions commonly occur on the face & begin as small vesicles, which rapidly enlarge & rupture to form yellowish-brown crusty masses
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| Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis | flesh-eating disease characterized by bacterial invasion with rapid tissue destruction and septic shock
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| Leprosy | contagious disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, & nerves, causing discoloration and lumps on the skin and, in severe cases, disfigurement & deformities & can lead to loss of limbs
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| Herpes Simplex 2 | genital herpes
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| Verrucae | warts; caused by HPVs
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| Mycoses | fungal infections such as tinea, which may affect the feet, the scalp, or the body
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| tinea capitis | an infection of the scalp
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| tinea corporis | fungal infection of the body, particularly the non-hairy parts
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| tinea pedis | athlete's foot; involves the feet, particularly the toes
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| tinea unguium | an infection of the nails, particularly the toenails
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| Pediculosis | lice; may infect the scalp or body, thriving on human blood
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| "ABCD" Signs that a mole may be malanoma | 1. Area of the mole is increase
2. Border is irregular
3. Color is changed in the mole
4. Diameter of the mole is increased
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| stratum basale | innermost layer of the epidermis; located on the basement membrane
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| melanin | dark pigment
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| vitiligo | small areas of hypopigmentation
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| melisma or chloasma | patches of darker skin, often on the face
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| sebaceous glands | produce an oily secretion
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| sweat glands | helps us to cool off when overheated
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| 2 types of sweat glands | Eccrine & Apocrine
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| Eccrine | glands that are located all over the body and secrete sweat through pores onto the skin in response to increased heat or emotional stress (SNS control)
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| Apocrine | sweat glands that are located in the axillae, scalp, face, and external genitalia
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| Functions of the skin | 1. When unbroken, it provides the first line of defense
2. Prevents excessive fluid loss
3. Controls body temperature
4. Plays as a defense against environmental hazards, as a learning tool
5. Synthesis & activation of Vitamin D
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| Malignant melanoma | arising from a nevus, grows quickly & metastasizes early
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| Viral Infections | Herpes Simplex Type 1(cold sores)
Herpes Simplex Type 2 (genital herpes)
Verrucae (warts)
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| Fungal Infections | Tinea Capitis (infection of the scalp)
Tinea Corporis (infection of the body; non-hairy parts)
Tinea Pedis (athlete's foot)
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| Bacterial Infections | Cellulitis
Furuncles (boil)
Impetigo (yellowish-brown lesions which commonly occur on the face)
Acute Necrotizing Fasciitis
Leprosy
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| Inflammatory Disorders | Contact Dermatitis
Urticaria (hives)
Atopic Dermatitis (eczema)
Psoriasis
Pemphigus
Scleroderma
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| Systemic infections | chickenpox, or allergies to ingested food or drugs
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| Localized infections | exposure to toxins
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| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | a slow-growing tumor common to exposed areas
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| Malignant Melanoma | arising from nevus, grows quickly & metastasizes early
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