Everything I need to know
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| What is the target organ for the hypothalamus? | Anterior Pituitary
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| What does the hypothalamus do? | Release hormones
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| What are the target organs for the posterior pituitary? | kidney, uterus, breast tissue
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| What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary? | ADH, Oxytocin
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| What is the target organ for ADH? | Kidney
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| What does ADH do? | Conserve H2O/reabsorb H2O in renal tubules
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| What is the target organ for oxytocin? | Uterus and breast tissue
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| What does oxytocin help with? | Produce contractions and lactation
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| What are the target organs for the anterior pituitary? | Adrenal cortex, skin, body tissues, thyroid, ovaries/testes, breast
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| What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary? | ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating, GH, TSH, FSH, Prolactin, LH
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| What is the target organ for ACTH? | Adrenal cortex
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| What is the target organ for melanocyte-stimulating hormone? | Skin
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| What is the target organ for GH? | Body tissues
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| What is the target organ for TSH? | Thyroid
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| What is the target organ for FSH? | Ovaries/Testes
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| What is the target organ for prolactin? | Breast
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| What is the target organ for LH? | Ovaries/Testes
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| What does ACTH do? | Stimulates glucocorticoid production
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| What does the melanocyte-stimulating hormone do? | Stimulates pigment production
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| What does GH do? | Promotes growth
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| What does TSH do? | Stimulates production and release of TH's (T3 and T4)
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| What does FSH do? | Initiates maturation of ovary follicles; stimulates spermatogenesis.
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| What is the target organ for the thyroid? | Cells, Bones
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| What hormones are released by the thyroid? | Thyroxine (T3 & T4), Calcitonin
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| What is the target organ for thyroxine (T3 & T4)? | Cells
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| What does thyroxine (T3 & T4) do? | Increases the rate of cellular metabolism
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| What is the target organ for calcitonin? | Bones
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| What does calcitonin do? | Osteoblast; lowers serum calcium
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| What hormones are released by the parathyroid? | PTH
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| What is the target organ for PTH? | Bones
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| What does PTH do? | Osteoclast; raises serum calcium
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| What hormones are released by the pancreas? | Insulin, Amylin, Glucagon
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| What is the target organ for insulin? | Cells
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| What does insulin do? | Promotes glucose use; lowers serum glucose
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| What is the target organ for amylin? | Cells
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| What does amylin do? | Delays nutrient uptake and suppresses glucagon after meals
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| What is the target organ for glucagon? | Liver
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| What does glucagon do? | Promotes glucagon use; raises serum glucose
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| What hormones are released by the adrenal cortex? | Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, Androgen, Estrogen
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| What is the target organ for glucocorticoid? | Cells
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| What do glucocorticoids do? | Antagonizes effects of insulin; inhibits inflammation and fibroblastic activity
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| What is the target organ for mineralcorticoids? | Kidney
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| What do mineralcorticoids do? | Promotes retention of sodium
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| What is the target organ for androgen and estrogen? | Body
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| What does androgen and estrogen do? | Promotes 2nd sex characteristics
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| What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla? | Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
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| What is the target organ for catecholamines? | Heart and smooth muscles
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| What do catecholamines do? | Regulates blood pressure by effects on vascular smooth muscles and heart
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| What hormone is released by the pineal gland? | Melatonin
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| What is the target organ for melatonin? | Unclear (brain/reproductive organs)
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| What does melatonin do? | Regulates body clock for alertness/sleep
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| Hyperthyroidism | An overproduction of thyroid hormone creating a metabolic imbalance
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| Hypothyroidism | A deficit in triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) resulting in metabolic processes slowing down.
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| Hyperparathyroidism |
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| Hypoparathyroidism |
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| Addison's Disease | Adrenal hypofunction
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| Grave's Disease | Autoimmune response. Exophthalmos and goiters.
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| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | IDDM, Pancreas makes little to no insulin
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| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Genetic, obesity and sedentary increases risk,
pancreas produces some insulin but not enough
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| Signs and Symptoms for Type 1 DM | extreme thirst, high levels of ketones in urine, no appetite or increase in appetite, drowsy/lethargic, fruity breath,
frequent urination, high glucose in blood or urine, rapid/hard/heavy breathing, eventual stupor to unconsciousness
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| Signs and Symptoms for Type 2 DM | possibly no symptoms, frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, very dry skin, slow to heal sores, tingling or numbness, in hands, dehydration, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger,
sudden vision change
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| Sings and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism | Enlarged thyroid gland, Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), Heat intolerance, Weight loss, Excessive sweating, Diarrhea, Tremors, Palpitations, SOB, Muscle weakness/atrophy
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| Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism | Energy loss, Fatigue, Forgetfulness, Sensitivity to cold, Unexplained weight gain, Constipation, Anorexia, decreased libido, Menorrhagia, Paresthesia, Joint stiffness, Muscle cramping
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| SIADH | Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
Excessive ADH secretion
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| Signs and Symptoms of SIADH | Fatigue, lethargy, anorexia, thirst, vomiting, intestinal cramping, weight gain, edema, water retention, decreased urine output, restlessness, confusion, irritability, headache, seizures, coma, decreased DTR's
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