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Endocrine
Everything I need to know
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the target organ for the hypothalamus? | Anterior Pituitary |
| What does the hypothalamus do? | Release hormones |
| What are the target organs for the posterior pituitary? | kidney, uterus, breast tissue |
| What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary? | ADH, Oxytocin |
| What is the target organ for ADH? | Kidney |
| What does ADH do? | Conserve H2O/reabsorb H2O in renal tubules |
| What is the target organ for oxytocin? | Uterus and breast tissue |
| What does oxytocin help with? | Produce contractions and lactation |
| What are the target organs for the anterior pituitary? | Adrenal cortex, skin, body tissues, thyroid, ovaries/testes, breast |
| What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary? | ACTH, Melanocyte-stimulating, GH, TSH, FSH, Prolactin, LH |
| What is the target organ for ACTH? | Adrenal cortex |
| What is the target organ for melanocyte-stimulating hormone? | Skin |
| What is the target organ for GH? | Body tissues |
| What is the target organ for TSH? | Thyroid |
| What is the target organ for FSH? | Ovaries/Testes |
| What is the target organ for prolactin? | Breast |
| What is the target organ for LH? | Ovaries/Testes |
| What does ACTH do? | Stimulates glucocorticoid production |
| What does the melanocyte-stimulating hormone do? | Stimulates pigment production |
| What does GH do? | Promotes growth |
| What does TSH do? | Stimulates production and release of TH's (T3 and T4) |
| What does FSH do? | Initiates maturation of ovary follicles; stimulates spermatogenesis. |
| What is the target organ for the thyroid? | Cells, Bones |
| What hormones are released by the thyroid? | Thyroxine (T3 & T4), Calcitonin |
| What is the target organ for thyroxine (T3 & T4)? | Cells |
| What does thyroxine (T3 & T4) do? | Increases the rate of cellular metabolism |
| What is the target organ for calcitonin? | Bones |
| What does calcitonin do? | Osteoblast; lowers serum calcium |
| What hormones are released by the parathyroid? | PTH |
| What is the target organ for PTH? | Bones |
| What does PTH do? | Osteoclast; raises serum calcium |
| What hormones are released by the pancreas? | Insulin, Amylin, Glucagon |
| What is the target organ for insulin? | Cells |
| What does insulin do? | Promotes glucose use; lowers serum glucose |
| What is the target organ for amylin? | Cells |
| What does amylin do? | Delays nutrient uptake and suppresses glucagon after meals |
| What is the target organ for glucagon? | Liver |
| What does glucagon do? | Promotes glucagon use; raises serum glucose |
| What hormones are released by the adrenal cortex? | Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids, Androgen, Estrogen |
| What is the target organ for glucocorticoid? | Cells |
| What do glucocorticoids do? | Antagonizes effects of insulin; inhibits inflammation and fibroblastic activity |
| What is the target organ for mineralcorticoids? | Kidney |
| What do mineralcorticoids do? | Promotes retention of sodium |
| What is the target organ for androgen and estrogen? | Body |
| What does androgen and estrogen do? | Promotes 2nd sex characteristics |
| What hormones are released by the adrenal medulla? | Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
| What is the target organ for catecholamines? | Heart and smooth muscles |
| What do catecholamines do? | Regulates blood pressure by effects on vascular smooth muscles and heart |
| What hormone is released by the pineal gland? | Melatonin |
| What is the target organ for melatonin? | Unclear (brain/reproductive organs) |
| What does melatonin do? | Regulates body clock for alertness/sleep |
| Hyperthyroidism | An overproduction of thyroid hormone creating a metabolic imbalance |
| Hypothyroidism | A deficit in triiodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine (T4) resulting in metabolic processes slowing down. |
| Hyperparathyroidism | |
| Hypoparathyroidism | |
| Addison's Disease | Adrenal hypofunction |
| Grave's Disease | Autoimmune response. Exophthalmos and goiters. |
| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | IDDM, Pancreas makes little to no insulin |
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Genetic, obesity and sedentary increases risk, pancreas produces some insulin but not enough |
| Signs and Symptoms for Type 1 DM | extreme thirst, high levels of ketones in urine, no appetite or increase in appetite, drowsy/lethargic, fruity breath, frequent urination, high glucose in blood or urine, rapid/hard/heavy breathing, eventual stupor to unconsciousness |
| Signs and Symptoms for Type 2 DM | possibly no symptoms, frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, very dry skin, slow to heal sores, tingling or numbness, in hands, dehydration, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, sudden vision change |
| Sings and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism | Enlarged thyroid gland, Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), Heat intolerance, Weight loss, Excessive sweating, Diarrhea, Tremors, Palpitations, SOB, Muscle weakness/atrophy |
| Signs and Symptoms of Hypothyroidism | Energy loss, Fatigue, Forgetfulness, Sensitivity to cold, Unexplained weight gain, Constipation, Anorexia, decreased libido, Menorrhagia, Paresthesia, Joint stiffness, Muscle cramping |
| SIADH | Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Excessive ADH secretion |
| Signs and Symptoms of SIADH | Fatigue, lethargy, anorexia, thirst, vomiting, intestinal cramping, weight gain, edema, water retention, decreased urine output, restlessness, confusion, irritability, headache, seizures, coma, decreased DTR's |
Created by:
jkadel
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