Spines and systems
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Facial muscles | located subcutaneously, attach to bone/fascia of skull.
Conveys emotions.
orbicularis oris and oculi and buccinator
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| Facial muscle innervation | Cranial nerve 7 (facial cn)
muscles of expression
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| skin of face innervation | Cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal cn)
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| Orbicularis oculi | muscle around eye
orbital and palprebral parts.
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| orbicularis oris | muscles around mouth.
produces puckering or whsitling, speech, mastication
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| buccinator | muscles in cheek, keep cheeks taut, active in smiling, mastication, whistling and sucking.
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| temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | 2 of them on each side of face.
synovial joint
contain mandible (condyle), temporal bone (mandibular fossa+ articular eminance (tubercle) and intra-articular disc.
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| Functions of TMJ | open and close mouth, chewing, talking, elevate, pro/retract jaw, lateral deviation.
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| mandible function | body: carries teeth, transmits force
ramus: transmits forces, insertion of muscles that move jaw.
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| muscles of mastication | digastric, temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid
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| innervation of muscles of mastication | Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.
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| digastric | opens mouth widely
retract mandible
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| temporalis function | elevate mandible, retract mandible, counteract gravity on jaw, chewing softly
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| temporalis attachment sites | lateral surface of skull (temporal fossa) to coronoid process and anterior part of ramus of mandible.
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| masseter function | elevation of mandible, pulls mandible forward, biting, protract mandible
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| masseter attachments | zygomatic arch to ramus and angle of mandible
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| medial pterygoid functions | elevation of mandible, protract mandible
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| medial pterygoid attachments | medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate to ramus and angle of mandible
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| lateral pterygoid function | protract mandible, lateral deviation of mandible
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| vertebral column function | balance skull, support thoracic cavity, muscle attachment, protect spinal cord
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| cervical spine function | C1-C7.
support and move skeleton,
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| thoracic spine function | T1-T12
suspend ribs, support thoracic cavity
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| Lumbar spine function | L1-L5
mobility between thorax and pelvis.
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| sacral spine function | S1-S5
bind vertebra to pelvis
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| coccygeal spine function | support pelvic floor
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| kyphosis | posterior curvature
present in thoracic and sacral regions
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| lordotic curves | anterior curvature
present in lumbar and cervical
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| vertebral body function | weight bearing/transmission
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| vertebral arch function | enclose spinal sord
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| pedicle function | transmit force between anterior and posterior elements, resist bending
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| laminae function | force transmission, form posterior wall of vertebral canal
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| spinous and transverse parts of vertebrae | muscle and ligament attachment sites
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| ring apophysis function | attachment of anulus fibrosus
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| transverse process function | leverage, muscle attachement
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| articular process function | guide and direct movement
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