Mammal diversity
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, White-footed mouse | Peromyscus leucopus, lower peninsula and parts central UP
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Deer mouse | Peromyscus maniculatus, statewide, very thin translucent skull, bicolored tail
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Southern red-backed vole | Myodes gapperi, UP and northern LP, chestnut stripe on back, shorter tail than mouse
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Meadow vole | Microtus pennsylvanicus, statewide, rectangular skull
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Woodland vole | Microtus pinetorum, LP
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Tundra vole | Microtus oeconomus, not in MI, large and dull colors
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Muskrat | Odontra zibethicus, statewide, dark brown tips of hair, re/brown underneath, "crazy teeth", orange incisors, flat skull, rectangular skull, long rostrum, flare zygomatic arch, tail laterally compressed, hind feet partially webbed, stiff hairs on feet
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| O: Rodentia, F: Cricetidae, Southern bog lemming | Synaptomys cooperi, statewide, vole-like, short tail, out-competed by meadow vole
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| O: Rodentia, F: Muridae, House mouse | Mus musculus, statewide, nonnative, point snout, short-tail, sparsley haired tail, knotched incisors distal end, multicolored tiny skull
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| O: Rodentia, F: Muridae, Norway rat | Rattus norvegicus, statewide, long skull, long rostrum, prominent temporal ridge, big, naked tail, ugly skull
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| O: Rodentia, F: Dipodidae, Woodland jumping mouse | Napeozapus insignis, UP and northern 1/4 of LP, large hind feet, tip of tail white
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| O: Rodentia, F: Dipodidae, Meadow jumping mouse | Zapus hudsonius, statewide, yellowish/brown sides, dark back, long straight tail, white belly, large hind feet, not as brightly colored as woodland
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| O: Rodentia, F: Erethizontidae, Porcupine | Erethizon dorsatum, UP and north 1/2 of LP, orange incisors, thin orbits, prominent temporal ridges, infraorbital foramen very large, no elongated auditory meatus
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| O: Lagomorpha, F: Leporidae, eastern cottontail | Sylvilagus floridanus, statewide except east 1/2 of UP, netted pattern side of skull, long rostrum, large circular orbitals, postorbital process very close to skull
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| O: Lagomorpha, F: Leporidae, snowshoe hare | Lepus americanus, UP and north 1/2 LP, flared post orbital process
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| O: Cingulata, F: Dasypodidae, nine-banded armadillo | Dasypus novemcinctus, not in MI, long thin snout
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, least chipmunk | Tamias minimus, UP only, 4 white stripes, very small gray skull and translucent skull, stripes to the base of tail, less than 34mm, 5 upper cheek teeth
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, eastern chipmunk | Tamias striatus, statewide, 2 white stripes, stripes to anterior of tail, greater than 34mm, 4 upper cheek teeth
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, woodchuck | Marmota monax, statewide, small skull, flat skull, large incisors top/bottom, not as heavy as beaver, skulls concave on top, posterior edge of postorbital process perpendicular to skull, occipital region flat and vertical
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, thirteen-lined ground squirrel | Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, LP and western UP, spots in stripes, 5 upper cheek teeth, front incisors yellow, skull less than 40mm
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, Eastern gray squirrel | Sciurus carolinensis, statewide, dark gray squirrel, 5 upper cheek teeth (1st small), skull less than 60mm
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, Eastern fox squirrel | Sciurus niger, LP and parts of east and central UP, red with gray backs, thick but shorter incisors, 4 upper cheek teeth, skull greater than 60mm
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, red squirrel | Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, statewide, very red stripe down back, short rostrum, non-tapered skull between 40 and 50mm, auditory bullae 3 visible divisions
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, northern flying squirrel | Glaucomys sabrinus, UP and north 1/2 LP, reddish brown, thinner/translucent skull, belly gray at bases, front incisors orange, auditory bullae has 2 visible divisions, small and highly arched skull, 5 upper cheek teeth
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| O: Rodentia, F: Sciuridae, southern flying squirrel | Glaucomys volans, LP and west central UP, have more grey with brown, thicker skull, white belly at base, 5 upper cheek teeth, skull narrow interorbital region
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| O: Rodentia, F: Castoridae, american beaver | Castor canadensis, statewide, very strong and heavy skull, complete orbital, flat skull, infraorbital foramen smaller than foramen magnum, tubular external auditory meatus
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| Round-tailed ground squirrel | Spermophilus tereticaudus, creosote bush habitat
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| Prairie dog | Cynomys ludovicianus
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| White-throated wood rat | Neotoma albigula, creosote bush habitat
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| Desert wood rat | Neotoma lepida
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| Desert kangaroo rat | Dipodomys deserti, sand dunes habitat
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| Merriam's kangaroo rat | Dipodomys merriami, creosote bush habitat
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| Ord's kangaroo rat | Dipodomys ordii, sparse vegetation over sandy ground in Great Plains
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| California mouse | Peromyscus californicus, like a big P. maniculatus
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| Deer mouse | Peromyscus maniculatus, like eastern species but lighter color
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| Cactus mouse | Peromyscus eremicus, found in hot dry brushy areas, tail not distinctly bicolored
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| Bairds pocket gopher | Geomys breviceps
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| Douglas squirrel | Tamiasciurus douglasii, coniferous forests along Pacific Coast
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| O: Perrissodactyla, F: Equidae, horse | Equus caballus
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Antilocapridae, pronghorn | Antilocapra americana, West-central US
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Cervidae, elk or wapiti | Cervus elaphus, Northern LP, many western states/provinces, medium antlers oriented on top of head
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Cervidae, white-tailed deer | Odocoileus virginianus, statewide, no black tip on tail, simple antlers
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Cervidae, mule deer | Odocoileus hemionus, western US, branched antlers, black tip on tail
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Cervidae, moose | Alces alces, UP and Isle Royale, some western states and Alaska; broad distribution in Canada, extra large bump between antlers, antlers set to side, largest skull besides horse
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Cervidae, caribou | Rangifer tarandus, boreal forest and tundra, smallest skull (of moose, elk or caribou), wideset eyes, dip in skull, wideset snout
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, domestic cattle | Bos taurus, flat skull
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, bison | Bison bison, various west-central states and provinces
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, mountain goat | Oreamnos americanus, NW US, W Canada
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, bighorn sheep | Ovis canadensis, isolated spots in west US, thick point horns, brown
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, dall sheep | Ovis dalli, Alaska, Western Canada, horns come to thin point, white
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, cape buffalo | sea level to mountains, generally likes dense cover
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, sable antelope | savannah and grasslands, antlers curve straight back
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, greater kudu | variety of habitats that provide thick cover, curly antlers black neck stripe
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, waterbuck | grasslands close to water, very light fur very ridged antlers
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, nyala | thickets in dry savannah woodland near grasslands and water, slight curl horns tan spots
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, red duiker | thick brush, tiny
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, red hartebeest | edges of open plains, thin skull short curl horns
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, reedbuck | grasslands and wide plains, like tall grass, horns curve forward, tan
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, bushbuck | forest edges, brush cover along streams, feed in openings at night, slight curve horns, white face spots
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, oribi | tropical scrub forest, savannah and grasslands, tiny horns
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, gray duiker | see red duiker, shorter neck, no spot under ears
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| O: Artiodactyla, F: Bovidae, impala | woodlands with little undergrowth and grasslands, small skull ridge curl horns
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| local mammal true hibernator | thirteen-lined ground squirrel puts on extra fat prior to winter, body temp drops from 37-3 degrees celcius, heartbeat drops from 200-350 bpm to 5bpm so survives 1/100th of normal food supply
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| deer adaptations to winter | decrease in metabolic rate from january to february, and eat woody vegetation (shoots are soft)->show raggid bite
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| snowshow hare adaptations to winter | use runways, bits of low vegetation show clean cut
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| track difference between gray and red squirrels | greater than 5in in gray, less than 5in in red, tracks two small front feet next to each other with two large back feet next to each other behind
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| mustelid tracks | two large front feet parallel in front of two large back feet behind
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| deer mouse tracks | two small front feet parallel in front of two large back feet parallel behind with tail drag behind
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| snowshoe hare tracks | two small front feet slightly misaligned behind two large back feet almost parallel
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| deer tracks | long toes in front of two small holes behind, normal walking pattern
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