UltimateAP7
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| transcription | Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
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| transcription factors | Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription.
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| transcription initiation complex | The assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase.
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| transduction | The binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way.
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| transfer RNA (tRNA) | Interpreter of a series of codons along a mRNA molecule.
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| transformation | A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
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| translation | The synthesis of a polypeptide, which occurs under the direction of mRNA.
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| translocation | Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.
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| transmembrane proteins | Integral proteins that span the membrane.
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| transport | An exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes.
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| transport protein | A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel.
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| transport vesicles | Vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another.
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| transposable genetic element | A segment of DNA that can move within the genome of a cell by means of a DNA or RNA intermediate; also called a transposable element.
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| transposon | A transposable genetic element that moves within a genome by means of a DNA intermediate.
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| triple response | A plant growth maneuver in response to mechanical stress, involving slowing of stem elongation, a thickening of the stem, and a curvature that causes the stem to start growing horizontally.
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| triplet code | Three-nucleotide long set that specifies a specific amino acid for a polypeptide chain.
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| trisomic | A chromosomal condition in which a particular cell has an extra copy of one chromosome, instead of the normal two.
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| trophic efficiency | Percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next.
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| trophic structure | Feeding relationships between organisms in a community.
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| tropism | A growth response that results in the curvature of whole plant organs toward or away from stimuli owing to differential rates of cell elongation.
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| true-breeding | Organisms that, when reproducing, create offspring of all the same variety.
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| tryiacylglycerol | Glycerol and three fatty acids.
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| turgid | A cell with a cell wall that has a reasonable amount of pressure but is healthy.
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| turgor pressure | The pressure inside of a cell as a cell pushes itself against the cell wall.
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| turnover | Seasonal changes in warm and cool water layers in lakes.
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| turnover time | Standing crop biomass compared to production.
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| Type I | Curve that shows low death rate at early and mid-life and drops at old age, as seen in humans and large animals.
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| Type II | Curve that represents constant death rate over lifespan small animals and invertebrates.
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| Type III | Curve that drops sharply at the start then levels off once individuals reach a critical age, as seen in organisms that produce large numbers of offspring.
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| ultimate questions | Address evolutionary significance of a behavior.
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| ultrametric trees | Diagram in which length of a branch reflects amounts of actual time.
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| uniform dispersion | The pattern in which individuals are equally spaced throughout a habitat.
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| vaccine | A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen.
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| variation | Is demonstrated by the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings.
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| vasoconstriction | Reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial blood vessels.
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| vasodialation | Increases in the diameter of superficial blood vessels; cools the body.
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| veins | Bundles of xylem and phloem.
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| vernalization | The use of cold treatment to induce a plant to flower.
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| vesicle | Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.
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| vestigial structures | Are little or no importance to organism, but remain from an ancestor.
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| viral envelope | A membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
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| virulent | A term describing a pathogen against which a plant has little specific defense.
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| virulent | Viruses that reproduce only by the lytic cycle.
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| voltage-gated ion channels | Channels that open or close in response to a change in the membrane potential.
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| water potential | The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure.
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| Watson and Crick | Developed the double helix model of DNA.
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| white matter | Whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths.
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| wobble | Flexibility in the base-pairing rules in which the nucleotide at the 5' end of a tRNA anticodon can form hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the third position of a codon.
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| X linked genes | Genes found on the X chromosome.
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| XO system | A sex determination system in some insects in which O stands for the absence of a sex chromosome. Females are XX, Males are XO. Males produce two classes of sperm: X sperm and sperm with no chromosome. The sperm determines the sex of the offspring.
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| XY system | A sex determination system in which females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome and males have two different ones.
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| yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) | A cloning vector that has telomeres and a centromere that can accommodate large DNA inserts and uses the eukaryote yeast as a host cell.
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| zero population growth (ZPG) | When per capita birth and death rates are equal. (r = 0)
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| ZW system | A sex determination system in fish, butterflies, birds where males are ZZ and Females are ZW. The egg determines the sex of the offspring.
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| zygote | Fertilized egg. Carries one set of chromosomes from each parent.
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Created by:
ssteuter
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