A review of the key figures mentioned in AP Psychology.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Mary Whiton Calkins | show 🗑
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| Charles Darwin | show 🗑
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| Dorthea Dix | show 🗑
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| Sigmund Freud | show 🗑
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| G. Stanley Hall | show 🗑
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| William James | show 🗑
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| Ivan Pavlov | show 🗑
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| show | created the cognitive development model (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operational)
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| Carl Rogers | show 🗑
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| Abraham Maslow | show 🗑
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| B.F. Skinner | show 🗑
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| Mary Floy Washburn | show 🗑
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| show | founder of behavioralism; classically conditioned Little Albert
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| show | identified the area of the brain responsible for language; damage to the area results in expressive aphasia, or the inability to produce language
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| Michael Gazzaniga | show 🗑
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| show | studied how the different hemispheres operate independent of each other
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| show | identified the area of the brain responsible for understanding language; damage to the area results in receptive aphasia
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| Gustav Fechner | show 🗑
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| show | along with Weisel, discovered feature detectors
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| show | along with Hubel, discovered feature detectors
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| Earnest Hilgard | show 🗑
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| Albert Bandura | show 🗑
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| show | coined learned taste aversion
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| Robert Rescorla | show 🗑
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| show | created the Law of Effect: behaviors followed by positive consequences are strengthened, those followed by negative consequences are diminished
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| show | created cognitive maps, or mental representations of the environment; determined cognitive maps proved latent learning
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| Wolfgang Kohler | show 🗑
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| Noam Chomsky | show 🗑
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| Herman Ebbinghaus | show 🗑
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| Elizabeth Loftus | show 🗑
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| George Miller | show 🗑
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| Alfred Kinsey | show 🗑
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| show | along with Singer, created the Schachter-Singer two factor theory of emotion, stating emotion is experienced after a cognitive label is applied to stimuli
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| Hans Seyle | show 🗑
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| show | conducted the strange-situation experiment to determine the types of attachment between a mother and child; secure, anxious-ambivalent, and anxious-avoidant attachments were found to exist
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| show | developed the social learning theory, or the social-cognitive perspective; we learn by imitating models (observational learning); believed in reciprocal determinism as a factor of personality; self efficacy
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| Diana Baumrind | show 🗑
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| show | developed the eight stages of psychosocial development, each of which contains a possible conflict
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| Carol Gilligan | show 🗑
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| Harry Harlow | show 🗑
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| Konrad Lorenz | show 🗑
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| show | proposed three stages of moral development
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| show | proposed four stages of cognitive development
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| Lev Vygotsky | show 🗑
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| show | believed striving for superiority was the main goal of life, not sex; inferiority motivates us to acquire new skills; studied the effects of birth order
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| show | proposed the trait theory using the Five-Factor Model: conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion
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| Carl Jung | show 🗑
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| Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon | show 🗑
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| Francis Galton | show 🗑
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| Howard Gardener | show 🗑
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| show | believed intelligence had two factors, an s factor (specific mental abilities) and a common underlying g factor (general intelligence)
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| Robert Sternberg | show 🗑
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| Louis Terman | show 🗑
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| show | first to devise a test to measure intelligence in adults; established the use of the bell curve
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| Rosenhan | show 🗑
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| show | emphasized cognitive therapy; the goal is to teach clients new ways of thinking and to change illogical beliefs
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| show | developed rational emotive behavioral therapy, which purpose is to change the catastrophizing belief that leads to negative consequences
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| show | first to successfully use classical conditioning to recondition a child to overcome a fear
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| show | used the counterconditioning technique of systematic desensitization
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| show | performed experiments on the effects of conformity
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| Leon Festinger | show 🗑
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| Elton Mayo | show 🗑
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| Stanley Milgram | show 🗑
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| Robert Rosenthal | show 🗑
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| Philip Zombardo | show 🗑
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| show | conducted the Robbers' Cave Study and determined the best way to unite different groups was by imposing superordinate goals
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Created by:
SydneyR
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