vocabulary words on chapters 15 + 16
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| evolution | change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
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| theory | well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
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| fossil | preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism
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| artificial selection | selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
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| struggle for existence | competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life
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| fitness | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
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| adaptation | inherited characteristics that increases an organism’s chance of survival
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| survival of the fittest | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection
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| natural selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
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| descent with modification | principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time
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| common descent | principle that all living things were derived from common ancestors
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| homologous structure | structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissue
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| vestigial organ | organ that serves no useful function in an organism
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| gene pool | combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
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| relative frequency | number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur
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| single-gene trait | trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
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| polygenic trait | trait controlled by two or more genes
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| directional selection | form of natural selection in which the entire curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
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| stabilizing selection | form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals on either end
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| disruptive selection | form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or other end of the curve
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| genetic drift | random change in the allele frequencies that occur in small populations
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| founder effect | change in the allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
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| Hardy-Weinberg principle | principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change
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| genetic equilibrium | situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
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| speciation | formation of a new species
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| reproductive isolation | separation of a species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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| behavioral isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have difference in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevents them from interbreeding
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| geographic isolation | for of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic berries such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water
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| temporal isolation | form of reproductive isolation where two populations reproduce at different times
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