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ch. 15 + 16 vocab
vocabulary words on chapters 15 + 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| evolution | change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms |
| theory | well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations |
| fossil | preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism |
| artificial selection | selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms |
| struggle for existence | competition among members of a species for food, living space, and the other necessities of life |
| fitness | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment |
| adaptation | inherited characteristics that increases an organism’s chance of survival |
| survival of the fittest | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection |
| natural selection | process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest |
| descent with modification | principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time |
| common descent | principle that all living things were derived from common ancestors |
| homologous structure | structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same embryonic tissue |
| vestigial organ | organ that serves no useful function in an organism |
| gene pool | combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population |
| relative frequency | number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of times other alleles occur |
| single-gene trait | trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles |
| polygenic trait | trait controlled by two or more genes |
| directional selection | form of natural selection in which the entire curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle |
| stabilizing selection | form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals on either end |
| disruptive selection | form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or other end of the curve |
| genetic drift | random change in the allele frequencies that occur in small populations |
| founder effect | change in the allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population |
| Hardy-Weinberg principle | principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change |
| genetic equilibrium | situation in which allele frequencies remain constant |
| speciation | formation of a new species |
| reproductive isolation | separation of a species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| behavioral isolation | form of reproductive isolation in which two populations have difference in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevents them from interbreeding |
| geographic isolation | for of reproductive isolation in which two populations are separated physically by geographic berries such as rivers, mountains, or stretches of water |
| temporal isolation | form of reproductive isolation where two populations reproduce at different times |
Created by:
Tyl3r10959
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