Mosby Paramedic 3rd Ed. - Ch 17 Pharmacology Terms
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| Absorption | The process by which drug molecules are moved from the site of entry into the body into the general circulation.
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| Adrenergic | Of or pertaining to the sympathetic nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which use epinephrine or epinephrine-like substances as neurotransmitters.
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| Agonists | Drugs that combine with receptors and initiate the expected response.
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| Antagonists | Agents designed to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects caused by normal or hyperactive physiological mechanisms.
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| Anticholinergic | Of or pertaining to the blocking of acetylcholine receptors, resulting in inhibition of transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses.
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| Biological Half-life | The time required to metabolize or eliminate half the total amount of a drug in the body.
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| Biotransformation | The process by which a drug is converted chemically to a metabolite.
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| Chemical Name | The exact designation of a chemical structure as determined by the rules of chemical nomenclature.
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| Cholinergic | Of or pertaining to the effects produced by the parasympathetic nervous system or drugs that stimulate or antagonize the parasympathetic nervous system.
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| Contraindications | Medical or physiological factors that make it harmful to administer a medication that would otherwise have a therapeutic effect.
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| Controlled Substance | Any drug defined in the categories of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.
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| Cumulative action | The effect that occurs when several doses of a drug are administered or when absorption occurs more quickly than removal by excretion or metabolism or both.
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| Distribution | The transport of a drug through the bloodstream to various tissues of the body and ultimately to its site of action.
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| Drug | Any substance take by mouth; Injected into a muscle, blood vessel, or cavity of the body; or applied topically to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
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| Drug interaction | Modification of the effects of one drug by the previous or concurrent administration of another drug, thereby increasing or diminishing the pharmacological or physiological action of one or both drugs.
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| Drug Receptors | Parts of a cell with which a drug molecule interacts to trigger its desired response or effect.
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| Excretion | The elimination of toxic or inactive metabolites primarily by the kidneys; the intestines, lungs, and mammary, sweat, and salivary glands also may be involved.
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| First-pass Metabolism | The initial biotransformation of a drug during passage through the liver from the portal vein that occurs before the drug reaches the general circulation.
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| Generic Name | The official, established name assigned to a drug.
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| Idiosyncrasy | An abnormal or peculiar response.
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| Loading Dose | A large quantity of drug that temporarily exceeds the capacity of the body to excrete the drug.
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| Maintenance Dose | The amount of a drug required to keep a desired steady state of drug concentration in tissues.
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| Official Name | The name of a drug that is followed by the initials USP or NF, denoting its listing in one of the official publications, usually the same as the generic name.
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| Parenteral | Of or pertaining to any medication route other than the alimentary canal.
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| Pharmaceutics | The science of dispensing drugs.
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| Pharmacodynamics | The study of how a drug acts on a living organism.
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| Pharmacokinetics | The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time, including the process of absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion.
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| Placental Barrier | A protective biological membrane that separates the blood vessels of the mother and the fetus.
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| Potentiation | The enhancement of the effect of a drug, caused by concurrent administration of two drugs in which one drug increases the effect of the other.
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| Summation | The combined effects of two drugs that equal the sum of the individual effects of each agent.
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| Synergism | The combined action of two drugs that is greater than the sum of each agent acting independently.
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| Therapeutic action | The desired, intended action of a drug.
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| Therapeutic index | A measurement of the relative safety of a drug.
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| Tolerance | A physiological response that requires that a drug dosage be increased to produce the same effect formerly produced by a smaller dose.
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| Trade Name | the trademark name of a drug, designated by the drug company that sells the medication.
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| Untoward Effects | Side effects that prove harmful to the patient.
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| Adrenergic Agents | Stimulate the Sympathetic Nervous System, proveds the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine when given.
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| Adrenergic Responses | Stimulation and inhibition of the Sympathetic Nervous System
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| Alpha 1 and 2 Effects | Vasoconstriction of the systemic blood vessels, mild broncho-constriction, no cardiac effects, activation of secretory glands.
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| Beta 1 Effects | Increased heart rate, increased contractile force of the myocardium, increased automaticity in the heart.
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| Beta 2 Effects | Vasodilation of the systemic blood vessels, bronchodilation. Inhibits secretory action of salivary glands.
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| Sympathomimetic | Drugs producing effects which mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.
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| Catecholamines | Adrenergic agents with catechol nucleus as basic molecular structure. (Norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol)
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| Sympathetic or Beta Blocker | Blocks effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
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| Cholinergic Agents | Stimulate the parasympathetic providing cholinergic effects.
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| Parasympathomimetics | Drugs which mimic the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.
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| Parasympathetic Blocker, Parasympatholytic, Vogolytic | Block actions of the parasympathetic nervous system particularly to Vagus nerve.
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