U2 KA 5 The need for Transport
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Leaf vein | transport tissue in plants, made up of xylem and phloem
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| Transpiration | the movement of water from roots to being lost from leaves
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| Evaporation | Liquid water changes to water vapour
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| Stomata | holes in leaves where water is lost by evaporation and gas exchange takes place. Made of guard cells and stoma.
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| Guard cells | control the opening and closing of the stoma
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| Stoma | the hole where gas exchange takes place
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| Palisade mesophyll | main photosynthetic cells in a leaf, large cells arranged at top of leaf to collect the most light
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| Spongy mesophyll | photosynthetic cells found below palisade mesophyll in leaf, surrounded by air spaces
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| Upper epidermis | upper surface of leaf, transparent cells to allow light through to photosynthetic cells
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| Lower epidermis | lower surface of leaf, contains the stomata
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| Root hairs | increase surface area for water absorption in the soil
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| Xylem | transport tissue for water and minerals from the soil. Dead, hollow tubes thickened with spirals of lignin. Common name is wood.
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| Phloem | transport tissue for sugar. Sieve tube attached to companion cell.
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| Lignin | provides support to Xylem
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| Sieve plate | part of phloem vessel, perforated end walls of column of cells allows cytoplasm to flow between containing the dissolved sugar.
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| Companion cell | part of the phloem vessel, connected to sieve tube, controls the cell, allowing it to live even though it has no nucleus
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| Oxygenated | blood that contains oxygen
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| Deoxygenated | blood that contains little oxygen
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| Artery | blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure. Has thick muscular walls to withstand the pressure and goes away from the heart.
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| Capillary | exchange vessel for gases, food and waste. Walls one cell thick, large surface area, good transport system.
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| Vein | blood vessel that carries blood at low pressure back to the heart. To prevent back flow of blood contains non-return valves
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| Heart | muscular pump that circulates the blood in the body
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| Right atrium | collects deoxygenated blood returning from the body
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| Left atrium | collects oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
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| Left ventricle | pumps oxygenated blood through aorta to body
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| Right ventricle | pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery to lungs
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| Heart valves | found between atrium and ventricle and between ventricle and artery. Prevent backflow of blood.
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| Pulmonary arteries | carry deoxygenated blood to lungs to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen
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| Pulmonary veins | carry oxygenated blood from the lungs, back to the heart (left atrium)
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| Aorta | main artery carrying oxygenated blood to body from the heart (left ventricle)
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| Vena cava | carries deoxygenated blood back from body to heart (right atrium)
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| Coronary arteries | carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
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| Red blood cell | biconcave disc shaped cell, used to transport oxygen. Has no nucleus.
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| Blood | nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in this liquid. Mainly made up of plasma, RBCs, WBCs and platelets.
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| Biconcave disc | RBC shape, inward curve on both sides of the cell gives a very large surface area to volume ratio
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| Haemoglobin | protein that combines with oxygen in red blood cells
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| Oxyhaemoglobin | complex formed when haemoglobin binds to oxygen
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| Alveoli | small air sacs in the lungs that are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
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| Trachea | windpipe – takes air from the mouth to the main branches for the lungs (bronchi)
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| Diffusion | movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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| Digestive system | breaks down large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules for absorption in small intestine
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| Respiratory system | moves air in and out of the lungs and carries out gas exchange
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| Cardiovascular system | circulates blood round the body, made up of the heart and transport vessels
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| Villi | functional sub-unit of the small intestine. Good surface for diffusion; thin walls, large surface area, moist and good transport system.
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| Small intestine | digestion is completed here and the products of digestion are absorbed
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| Lacteal | carries the products of fat digestion (fatty acids and glycerol) to the lymphatic system
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