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Bella Nat 5
U2 KA 5 The need for Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Leaf vein | transport tissue in plants, made up of xylem and phloem |
| Transpiration | the movement of water from roots to being lost from leaves |
| Evaporation | Liquid water changes to water vapour |
| Stomata | holes in leaves where water is lost by evaporation and gas exchange takes place. Made of guard cells and stoma. |
| Guard cells | control the opening and closing of the stoma |
| Stoma | the hole where gas exchange takes place |
| Palisade mesophyll | main photosynthetic cells in a leaf, large cells arranged at top of leaf to collect the most light |
| Spongy mesophyll | photosynthetic cells found below palisade mesophyll in leaf, surrounded by air spaces |
| Upper epidermis | upper surface of leaf, transparent cells to allow light through to photosynthetic cells |
| Lower epidermis | lower surface of leaf, contains the stomata |
| Root hairs | increase surface area for water absorption in the soil |
| Xylem | transport tissue for water and minerals from the soil. Dead, hollow tubes thickened with spirals of lignin. Common name is wood. |
| Phloem | transport tissue for sugar. Sieve tube attached to companion cell. |
| Lignin | provides support to Xylem |
| Sieve plate | part of phloem vessel, perforated end walls of column of cells allows cytoplasm to flow between containing the dissolved sugar. |
| Companion cell | part of the phloem vessel, connected to sieve tube, controls the cell, allowing it to live even though it has no nucleus |
| Oxygenated | blood that contains oxygen |
| Deoxygenated | blood that contains little oxygen |
| Artery | blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure. Has thick muscular walls to withstand the pressure and goes away from the heart. |
| Capillary | exchange vessel for gases, food and waste. Walls one cell thick, large surface area, good transport system. |
| Vein | blood vessel that carries blood at low pressure back to the heart. To prevent back flow of blood contains non-return valves |
| Heart | muscular pump that circulates the blood in the body |
| Right atrium | collects deoxygenated blood returning from the body |
| Left atrium | collects oxygenated blood returning from the lungs |
| Left ventricle | pumps oxygenated blood through aorta to body |
| Right ventricle | pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery to lungs |
| Heart valves | found between atrium and ventricle and between ventricle and artery. Prevent backflow of blood. |
| Pulmonary arteries | carry deoxygenated blood to lungs to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Pulmonary veins | carry oxygenated blood from the lungs, back to the heart (left atrium) |
| Aorta | main artery carrying oxygenated blood to body from the heart (left ventricle) |
| Vena cava | carries deoxygenated blood back from body to heart (right atrium) |
| Coronary arteries | carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle |
| Red blood cell | biconcave disc shaped cell, used to transport oxygen. Has no nucleus. |
| Blood | nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried in this liquid. Mainly made up of plasma, RBCs, WBCs and platelets. |
| Biconcave disc | RBC shape, inward curve on both sides of the cell gives a very large surface area to volume ratio |
| Haemoglobin | protein that combines with oxygen in red blood cells |
| Oxyhaemoglobin | complex formed when haemoglobin binds to oxygen |
| Alveoli | small air sacs in the lungs that are the site of gas exchange in the lungs |
| Trachea | windpipe – takes air from the mouth to the main branches for the lungs (bronchi) |
| Diffusion | movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Digestive system | breaks down large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules for absorption in small intestine |
| Respiratory system | moves air in and out of the lungs and carries out gas exchange |
| Cardiovascular system | circulates blood round the body, made up of the heart and transport vessels |
| Villi | functional sub-unit of the small intestine. Good surface for diffusion; thin walls, large surface area, moist and good transport system. |
| Small intestine | digestion is completed here and the products of digestion are absorbed |
| Lacteal | carries the products of fat digestion (fatty acids and glycerol) to the lymphatic system |
Created by:
nscobie
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