Lesson 10 IT Projects and Project Management
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| • Project management | – applying knowledge, skills and processes to specific activities in order to meet deadlines and achieve desired results
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| • Project | – a sequence of tasks that must be accomplished within a certain time frame to achieve a desired result
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| • Task | – a unit of work during a project
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| • Resource | – a person, department or device needed to accomplish a task
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| • Assignment | – the appointment of a specific resource to a specific task
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| • Scope | – the goals and tasks of a project, and the work required to complete them
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| • Scope creep | – gradual increases in project scope that occur in small increments over time
• A common problem in most projects because not all factors can be accounted for at the beginning of a project
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| • Initiating phase | o Conduct needs analysis
o Determine objectives (goals), assumptions (?) and constraints (money, time, scope, resources)
o Create Statement Of Work (SOW)
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| • Planning phase | o Develop project schedule
o Assemble project team
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| • Executing phase | o Perform project tasks
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| • Controlling phase (happens with executing phase) | o Monitor progress and take corrective action as needed
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| • Closing phase | o Evaluate schedule, budget, scope, resources and assignments (happens when customers is completely satisfied, “yeah, but…)
o Formal acceptance of project deliverable
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| • Schedule information includes: | – A project start date
– A project calendar
– Tasks and task durations
– Project resources and their costs
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| • Use software to: | – Track project progress and status
– Save plans of successful projects
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| • Paper trail | • Documents which team members worked on what task, and when they started and completed them
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| • Issues log | • Documents and monitors problems that need to be escalated to managers or executives outside the project team for resolution
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| • During the executing and controlling phases: | – Schedule meetings with team members to monitor progress
– Schedule meetings with stakeholders and management around milestones to review project status
– Avoid scope creep by managing requests and changes at regular intervals
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| • Intranet | – an internal or in-house Web site used only by employees within a company
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| • Extranet | – an internal network designed to provide access to selected external users; is not available to the Internet public
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| • Webinars and Web conferences | – online training or conference sessions that utilize Internet technology to provide interactive and presentation elements to users
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| • Webcasts | – audio/video Web events that are distributed over the Internet
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| • Voice conferencing | – the traditional way to connect groups and individuals via telephone conference calls
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| • During the closing phase: | – Test the product
– Client evaluates and accepts/rejects project deliverable
– Evaluate performances
– Review performances of team members
– Document lessons learned
– Review what went well, what did not, and what could be done differently to i
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| • Quality Assurance | - Three techniques to ensure quality:
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| – Separation of duties | – project teamwork in which team members review the work of another team member and vice versa
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| – ISO 9000 standards | – international benchmark for systemizing processes to help organizations produce products and services that meet government regulations and the quality standards set by customers
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| – Six Sigma methodology | – seeks to identify and eliminate the causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and business processes in an effort to reach near-perfection
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| – Organizational rules and policies | – IT projects are bound by the rules and policies that govern the organization
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| – IT professionals have the right to: | • Acquire the necessary tools to accomplish their tasks
• Receive clear, detailed objectives and instructions so they can produce the proper deliverables
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| – IT professionals have the responsibility to: | • Provide services in a timely, cost-effective, secure manner
• Keep workflow interruptions and system downtime to a minimum
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| – Effects of IT projects on productivity | • IT projects and decisions impact employee productivity because they affect systems that employees use to do their jobs
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| – IT project Return On Investment (ROI) | – IT project managers must determine the risk and value of each project to justify which projects to preserve and which projects to eliminate
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| • Project Management Institute | – Non-profit member organization that publishes standards and offers education regarding the project management profession
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| • Project Management Professional (PMP) – | – certification for project managers
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| • Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) | – nine topic areas that define project management
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| – Program management | – the process of managing multiple interdependent projects to improve the performance of an organization
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| – Program management consists of: | • Benefits management
• Stakeholder management
• Program governance
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| – Program management life cycle | – five phases that define the activities and events that occur from the beginning of a program through to its conclusion
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