SLS Bio 12 Respiratory (R.L.)
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| Alveoli | Microscopic sac like endings of the bronchioles, forming the lungs. It is through their surfaces that gas exchange for external respiration occurs.
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| Aortic bodies | One of several small clusters of chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, and supporting cells located along the aortic arch.
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| Bicarbonate ions | Dissociation products of particular salts such as sodium bicarbonate and carbonic acid. The bicarbonate ions acts as buffer.
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| Bronchi | The branches of the trachea that conduct air to and from the lungs. They are protected from collapse by cartilaginous rings.
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| Bronchioles | The branches of the bronchi. The bronchioles continue to branch into smaller and smaller passageways finally ending at alveoli.
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| Carbaminohemogloblin | The combination of carbon diode and hemoglobin. Second most common way that carbon dioxides transported safely in plasma.
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| Carbon dioxide | A toxic by product of cellular respiration that is removed from the body by the respiratory system.
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| Carbonic anhydrase | An enzyme located in the membrane of red blood cells. The enzyme catalyzes the reversible reaction between H20 and CO2 forming carbonic acid.
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| Carotid bodies | A small mass of receptors in the carotid artery sensitive to chemical change in the blood.
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| Cilia | Short hair-like structures made from 20 molecules of the protein tubulin.
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| Diaphragm | The sheet-lie muscle at the base of the thoracic cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to flatten out from its normal arched shape.
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| Exhalation | Breathing out, also termed expiration.
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| External respiration | Refers to gas exchange (diffusion) across the alveoli surfaces.
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| Hydrogen ions | Protons. When hydrogen ionizes, it loses its electron and gains a positive charge. The measure of the hydrogen ion concentration can be used to determine the pH of a solution.
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| Inhalation | Breathing in.
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| Intercostal muscles | The smooth muscles tissue lying between the ribs.
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| Internal respiration | Gas exchange at the systemic capillaries beds.
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| Larynx | Voice box. The larynx is the first actual structure of the trachea.
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| Lungs | Organs of the gas exchange for the respiratory system.
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| Mucus | A watery fluid secreted by mucosal cells. Mucus is used as a lubricant and a protectant.
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| Nasal cavity | The sinus chamber at the top of the nostrils. It is the main entry point for air into the respiratory pathway and is kept moist with mucus.
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| Oxygen | A diatomic gas found in nature making up about 21% of the atmosphere.
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| Oxyhemoglobin | The combination of oxygen and hemoglobin.
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| pH | A measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. If a solution is neutral, it has a pH of 7.0.
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| Pharynx | The region at the back of the mouth where both food and air travel.`
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| Pleural membrane | The double layer of membranes that surround the lungs. The outer pleural membrane is on the inner wall of the thoracic cavity and along the top of the diaphragm.
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| Reduced hemoglobin | Hemoglobin that is transporting hydrogen ions.
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| Respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata | The part of the brain that monitors the blood and signals the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostals muscles causing inhalation.
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| Respiratory tract | The pathway of airflow in the body associated with respiration.
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| Ribs | A series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae and occur in pairs, 12 in humans
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| Stretch receptors | A type of nerve receptor that is sensitive to stretch. Stretch receptors are located on the surface of alveoli.
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| Thoracic cavity | Chest cavity. Contains the lungs and the heart. Its lower limit is the diaphragm.
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| Trachea | Windpipe. The trachea is the cartilaginous ringed tube that conducts air up and down the neck.
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