plant agriculture test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| mixture of minerals and partially decomposed organic matter | soil
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| process of breaking down rock | erosion
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| plants grown in spaced rows | row crops
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| plants that completely cover the soil | cover crops
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| rows of trees reducing wind erosion | windbreaks
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| not enough calories in a daily diet | undernutrition
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| lacking in specific macro or micro nutrition | malnutrition
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| huge population undernourished (not enough to eat) | famine
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| application of water to soil | irrigation
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| how much water makes it to the plants roots | efficiency (water)
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| unwanted plants or animals that reduce crop yield | biological pests
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| chemicals that kill or control populations of biological pests | pesticides
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| forming high and higher concentrations in organisms over a long period of exposure | bioaccumulation
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| produced with ought any synthetic pesticides or fertilizer | organic foods
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| method of growing plants without the use of soil | hydroponics
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| implant DNA into crops from other unrelated species that are resistant | Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
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| The early European settlers refer to the western United States plains as desert. What kind of ecosystem was actually there? Why did they have such a difficult time farming it? | temperate grassland; the iron plows couldn't cut through it, not enough rain
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| In the years leading up to the Dust Bowl, people were operating on a theory called "Rain Follows the Plow". Explain this theory. What is the problem with it? | believed that the wet period was the result of over planting
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| What are the three major food staples? | wheat, corn, and rice
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| ll soil begins as rock. Describe two ways that rock can be broken. | physical weathering - rock broken apart by wind and water; chemical weathering - when acid rain breaks it apart
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| Why is grassland soil so ideal for farming, compared to forest soil? | have a much deeper A horizon, the roots can grow deeper and have more available nutrients
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| Rank the four different types of water erosion by strength, starting with the least severe | splash, sheet, rill, gully
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| What type of erosion is more likely to occur in arid areas, and was behind the Midwest United States dust storms of the 1930s? | wind erosion
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| contour plowing | plant crops along the slope of the land rather than straight up and down
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| strip cropping | alternates row crops with cover crops so no bare soil is exposed
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| terracing | cut steps into a series of flattened terraces
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| What are the three macronutrients? | Carbohydrates, Lipids (fats), and proteins
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| give an example of a food source that contains it. Which macronutrient has the most calories? | Carbohydrates - bread, Lipids - milk (most calories), Proteins - meat
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| These three disorders are caused by malnourishment. What nutrient is missing to cause each? What effect or symptoms are caused by these disorders? | Kwashiorkor - caused by insufficient porting consumption (fluid imbalance in the digestive system causes a big stomach); Anemia - decrease in ability of blood to transport oxygen (lack of iron); Goiter - enlargement of thyroid gland (lack of iodine)
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| What is the difference between subsistence agriculture and mono culturing? | subsistence - supports families by planting with different crops mono culturing - only grows one crop at a time to sell to the mass market
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| Furrow Irrigation | delivers large amounts of water through channels that run through the field; efficiency: 40-60%
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| Drip Irrigation | uses porous tubes above or below the ground that gradually deliver water to roots of individual plants; efficiency: 90-95%
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| Center-Pivot Irrigation | piece of equipment that rotates around a single point; efficiency: 80%
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| What is the difference between inorganic and organic fertilizer? | inorganic - synthetically made from mixed minerals
organic - derived from plant and animal matter
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| Explain how using crop rotation and legumes could help reduce the need for applying fertilizer every year? | replenish nitrogen levels
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| Why has energy use increased in farming since the Green Revolution? | We are using more of it (energy)
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| What is the difference between first and second generation pesticides? | 1st - derived from (naturally) occurring sources; 2nd - synthetically
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| If a pesticide bioaccumulates, what level of a food chain is it most likely to affect? | top level, EX: wolf
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| The "Dirty Dozen"" is a list of produce that is more likely to have pesticide residue. What do these fruits and vegetables have in common? | you don't peel them
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| If a farmer uses an integrated pest management system, what strategies will they use first, before resorting to chemical pesticides? | the natural route
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| Give one example of a GMO. What trait has been inserted into it? | corn or soy beans - resist round up
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