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environmental scienc
plant agriculture test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mixture of minerals and partially decomposed organic matter | soil |
| process of breaking down rock | erosion |
| plants grown in spaced rows | row crops |
| plants that completely cover the soil | cover crops |
| rows of trees reducing wind erosion | windbreaks |
| not enough calories in a daily diet | undernutrition |
| lacking in specific macro or micro nutrition | malnutrition |
| huge population undernourished (not enough to eat) | famine |
| application of water to soil | irrigation |
| how much water makes it to the plants roots | efficiency (water) |
| unwanted plants or animals that reduce crop yield | biological pests |
| chemicals that kill or control populations of biological pests | pesticides |
| forming high and higher concentrations in organisms over a long period of exposure | bioaccumulation |
| produced with ought any synthetic pesticides or fertilizer | organic foods |
| method of growing plants without the use of soil | hydroponics |
| implant DNA into crops from other unrelated species that are resistant | Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) |
| The early European settlers refer to the western United States plains as desert. What kind of ecosystem was actually there? Why did they have such a difficult time farming it? | temperate grassland; the iron plows couldn't cut through it, not enough rain |
| In the years leading up to the Dust Bowl, people were operating on a theory called "Rain Follows the Plow". Explain this theory. What is the problem with it? | believed that the wet period was the result of over planting |
| What are the three major food staples? | wheat, corn, and rice |
| ll soil begins as rock. Describe two ways that rock can be broken. | physical weathering - rock broken apart by wind and water; chemical weathering - when acid rain breaks it apart |
| Why is grassland soil so ideal for farming, compared to forest soil? | have a much deeper A horizon, the roots can grow deeper and have more available nutrients |
| Rank the four different types of water erosion by strength, starting with the least severe | splash, sheet, rill, gully |
| What type of erosion is more likely to occur in arid areas, and was behind the Midwest United States dust storms of the 1930s? | wind erosion |
| contour plowing | plant crops along the slope of the land rather than straight up and down |
| strip cropping | alternates row crops with cover crops so no bare soil is exposed |
| terracing | cut steps into a series of flattened terraces |
| What are the three macronutrients? | Carbohydrates, Lipids (fats), and proteins |
| give an example of a food source that contains it. Which macronutrient has the most calories? | Carbohydrates - bread, Lipids - milk (most calories), Proteins - meat |
| These three disorders are caused by malnourishment. What nutrient is missing to cause each? What effect or symptoms are caused by these disorders? | Kwashiorkor - caused by insufficient porting consumption (fluid imbalance in the digestive system causes a big stomach); Anemia - decrease in ability of blood to transport oxygen (lack of iron); Goiter - enlargement of thyroid gland (lack of iodine) |
| What is the difference between subsistence agriculture and mono culturing? | subsistence - supports families by planting with different crops mono culturing - only grows one crop at a time to sell to the mass market |
| Furrow Irrigation | delivers large amounts of water through channels that run through the field; efficiency: 40-60% |
| Drip Irrigation | uses porous tubes above or below the ground that gradually deliver water to roots of individual plants; efficiency: 90-95% |
| Center-Pivot Irrigation | piece of equipment that rotates around a single point; efficiency: 80% |
| What is the difference between inorganic and organic fertilizer? | inorganic - synthetically made from mixed minerals organic - derived from plant and animal matter |
| Explain how using crop rotation and legumes could help reduce the need for applying fertilizer every year? | replenish nitrogen levels |
| Why has energy use increased in farming since the Green Revolution? | We are using more of it (energy) |
| What is the difference between first and second generation pesticides? | 1st - derived from (naturally) occurring sources; 2nd - synthetically |
| If a pesticide bioaccumulates, what level of a food chain is it most likely to affect? | top level, EX: wolf |
| The "Dirty Dozen"" is a list of produce that is more likely to have pesticide residue. What do these fruits and vegetables have in common? | you don't peel them |
| If a farmer uses an integrated pest management system, what strategies will they use first, before resorting to chemical pesticides? | the natural route |
| Give one example of a GMO. What trait has been inserted into it? | corn or soy beans - resist round up |
Created by:
a.allsup
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