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Apologia Biology Module # 11

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Invertebrates   Animals that lack a backbone  
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vertebrates   Animals that possess a backbone  
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Spherical symmetry   an organism possess spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center  
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Radial Symmetry   an organism possess radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center  
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Bilateral Symmetry   an organism possess bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves  
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epidermis   an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection  
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mesenchyme   the jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge  
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collar cells   flagellated cells that push water through a sponge  
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amoebocytes   cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals  
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gemmule   a cluster of cells encased ina a hard, spicule-reinforced shell  
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polyp   the sessile, tubuluar form of cnidarians with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other  
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medusa   a free-swimming cnidarian with a bell shaped body and tentacles  
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epithelium   animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other surface  
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mesoglea   the jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian  
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nematocysts   small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators  
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testes   organs that produce sperm  
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ovaries   organs that produce eggs  
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anterior end   the end of an animal that contains its head  
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posterior end   the end of an animal that contains its tail  
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circulatory system   a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body  
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nervous system   a system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste  
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ganglia   masses of nerve cell bodies  
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hermaphroditic   possessing both the male and female reproductive organs  
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