Lesson 1.2D Vocabulary Words
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| amino acids | has a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and three groups that include an amino group (–NH2), an acidic group (–COOH), and an R group, so named because it is the remainder of the molecule
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| enzyme | a biological catalyst that speeds up the chemical reactions that occur in the body; does this by lowering the activation energy required for each chemical reaction
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| hormones | a chemical messenger that travels through the body and influences cell functions, such as metabolism, growth and development, and homeostasis
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| peptide bond | (C-N) covalent bonds that join two amino acids
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| plasma | the liquid portion of the blood; mainly consists of water; 7% to 8% of plasma consists of proteins
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| primary proteins | a linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (C-N) that formed by dehydration synthesis
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| primary structure | it is the exact specification of its atomic composition and the chemical bonds connecting those atoms (including stereochemistry)
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| proteins | polymers with amino acid monomers; include all antibodies, enzymes, most hormones, and much of structural support in the tissues of our bodies; structure consists of polymers made from the twenty different amino acids found in cells
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| quaternary structure | it s the arrangement of multiple folded protein or coiling protein molecules in a multi-subunit complex
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| quaternary proteins | made of two or more tertiary proteins joined together
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| R-group | Amino acids have a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and three groups that include an amino group (–NH2), and acidic group (–COOH), and an R group. The R group is so named because it makes up the remainder of the molecule.
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| secondary proteins | looks like a primary protein coiled into a slinky
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| tertiary structure | refers to a protein's geometric shape. The tertiary structure will have a single polypeptide chain "backbone" with one or more protein secondary structures, the protein domains. Amino acid side chains may interact and bond in a number of ways.
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| tertiary proteins | a three-dimensional structure created by a secondary protein that has folded back upon itself
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