Biochemistry Vocabulary
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| Activation Energy | the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
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| Active Site | a small port in an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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| Amino Acid | Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds composed of amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.
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| Cellular Respiration | the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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| Carbohydrate | any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.
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| Denature | destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation.
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| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules.
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| Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
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| Fatty Acid | an acid that is naturally in fats and various oils.
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| Glycerol | a sweet syrupy hygroscopic trihydroxy alcohol C3H8O3 usually obtained by the saponification of fats.
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| Glucose | a type of sugar that is found in plants and fruits
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| Hydrolysis | a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water
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| Inorganic | made from or containing material that does not come from plants or animals
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| Lipid | any one of various substances that contain fat and that are important parts of living cells
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| Monosaccharide | a sugar that is not decomposable into simpler sugars by hydrolysis.
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| Nucleic Acid | any of various acids (such as DNA or RNA) that are found in living cells
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| Nitrogen Base | a nitrogen-containing molecule with basic properties; especially : one that is a purine or pyrimidine
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| Optimal Conditions | The most favorable condition for growth and reproduction.
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| Organic | of, relating to, or derived from living matter
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| Photosynthesis | The creation of food and energy by plants using light, Co2, and O2
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| Phosphate | an organic compound of phosphoric acid in which the acid group is bound to nitrogen or a carboxyl group in a way that permits useful energy to be released (as in metabolism)
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| Protein | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids
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| pH | is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
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| Respiration | a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances
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| Substrate | the substance on which an enzyme acts.
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| Testing Regent |
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| Water | a colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms.
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