CfE Higher Vocab - Topic 7 (Sequencing), 8 (Pathway control) & 9 (Respiration)
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Catabolic | A reaction which releases energy and breaks down molecules.
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| Electron transport chain | The final stage of respiration where high energy electrons and hydrogen ions are used to synthesise ATP.
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| ATP | The energy-carrying molecule used in cells because it can release energy very quickly.
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| Feedback inhibition | The first enzyme of a metabolic pathway is inhibited by the reversible binding of the final product of the pathway.
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| Fermentation | A type of respiration which takes place in the absence of oxygen.
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| Pyruvate | A molecule formed during glycolysis which, when oxygen is present, enters the matrix of the mitochondrion to start the citric acid cycle.
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| NAD | A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required.
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| Anabolic | A reaction which requires energy and builds up molecules.
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| Non-competitive inhibition | A molecule binds to part of the enzyme away from the active site, and causes a change in shape of the active site of the enzyme, thereby inhibiting the binding of the appropriate substrate molecule.
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| ADP | A low energy molecule that forms ATP when a phosphate molecule is added.
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| Phosphorylation | The addition of a phosphate group.
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| ATP synthase | An enzyme which produces ATP.
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| Dehydrogenase | An enzyme which removes hydrogen ions and electrons from substrates
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| Oxaloacetate | Combines with acetyl coenzyme A to form citrate during the citric acid cycle.
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| Competitive inhibition | Occurs when an inhibitor, resembling the structure of the substrate, binds to the active site of the enzyme and blocks the
binding of the substrate
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| FAD | An alternative to NAD. A co-enzyme which easily attaches to hydrogen ions, but releases them when they are required.
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| Metabolism | The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
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| Induced fit | A slight change in shape (a squeeze) of the active site of the enzyme that allows the substrate to fit perfectly
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| Citrate | Formed during the citric acid cycle when oxaloacetate combines with acetyl coenzyme.
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| Energy investment phase | The first phase of glycolysis where 2 molecules of ATP are required.
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| Glycolysis | The first stage of respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
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| Lactate | Pyruvate is converted to this molecule during fermentation/anaerobic respiration.
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| Matrix of mitrochondrion | The specific area of a mitochondrion where the citric acid cycle takes place.
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| Energy pay-off phase | The last phase of glycolysis where 4 molecules of ATP are produced.
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| Anaerobic respiration | Respiration that takes place without oxygen. Also known as fermentation.
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amymurney
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