Biology Chapter 10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is DNA made up of? | DNA is made up of repeating subunits of nucleotides.
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| 3 Parts of a DNA nucleotide. | Sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate (phosphorus), and 1 of 4 nitrogen containing bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine).
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| Purines | Adenine and guanine.
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| Pyrimidines | Cytosine and thymine.
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| Double Helix | Watson and Crick came up with a model of a double helix for the structure for DNA.
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| Signifying nitrogen bases with letters | Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T).
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| Complementary base pairs | C-G, T-A.
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| Replication | Process of copying DNA in a cell.
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| Original sequence of DNA | ATTCCG
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| New nucleotide chain | TAAGGC
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| Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence.
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| What is RNA responsible for? | RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol.
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| Structure of RNA | Consists of sugar (ribose), phosphate, nitrogen containing bases.
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| How does RNA differ from DNA? | The sugar in is ribose, thymine is not present, uracil is, and RNA is single stranded.
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| Types of RNA | 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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| Messenger RNA | Consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain. It carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol (cytoplasm).
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| Transfer RNA | Binds to specific amino acids. There are about 45 varieties. Consists of a single strand chain pf about 80 RNA nucleotides folded into a hairpin shape that binds to specific amino acids.
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| Ribosomal RNA | Most ubundant form. Consists of RNA nucleotides in a globular form. When joined by proteins, it makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made.
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| Transcription | The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA.
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| Promoters | These marks the beginning and continues until it reaches a termination signal.
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| mRNA | Moves through the pores of the nuclear membrane into the cytosol where it will direct protein synthesis.
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| Protein Synthesis | This is the production of proteins.
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| Proteins | Proteins are polymers. Made up of one or more polypeptides. May consist of thousands of amino acids arranged in a particular sequence.
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| Genetic Code | Correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence.
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| What does the genetic code do? | Used by most organisms to translate mRNA transcripts into proteins.
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| Codon | A codon is 3 mRNA nucleotides.
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| What does a codon do? | It codes for a specific amino acid. A few codons do not code for amino acids at all. These codons signal for translation of an mRNA to start or stop.
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| Start Codon | AUG
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| Stop Codon | UAA, UAG, UGA.
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| Translation | The process assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA.
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