click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Chapter 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
What is DNA made up of? | DNA is made up of repeating subunits of nucleotides. |
3 Parts of a DNA nucleotide. | Sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate (phosphorus), and 1 of 4 nitrogen containing bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). |
Purines | Adenine and guanine. |
Pyrimidines | Cytosine and thymine. |
Double Helix | Watson and Crick came up with a model of a double helix for the structure for DNA. |
Signifying nitrogen bases with letters | Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T). |
Complementary base pairs | C-G, T-A. |
Replication | Process of copying DNA in a cell. |
Original sequence of DNA | ATTCCG |
New nucleotide chain | TAAGGC |
Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence. |
What is RNA responsible for? | RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol. |
Structure of RNA | Consists of sugar (ribose), phosphate, nitrogen containing bases. |
How does RNA differ from DNA? | The sugar in is ribose, thymine is not present, uracil is, and RNA is single stranded. |
Types of RNA | 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
Messenger RNA | Consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain. It carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol (cytoplasm). |
Transfer RNA | Binds to specific amino acids. There are about 45 varieties. Consists of a single strand chain pf about 80 RNA nucleotides folded into a hairpin shape that binds to specific amino acids. |
Ribosomal RNA | Most ubundant form. Consists of RNA nucleotides in a globular form. When joined by proteins, it makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made. |
Transcription | The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. |
Promoters | These marks the beginning and continues until it reaches a termination signal. |
mRNA | Moves through the pores of the nuclear membrane into the cytosol where it will direct protein synthesis. |
Protein Synthesis | This is the production of proteins. |
Proteins | Proteins are polymers. Made up of one or more polypeptides. May consist of thousands of amino acids arranged in a particular sequence. |
Genetic Code | Correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence. |
What does the genetic code do? | Used by most organisms to translate mRNA transcripts into proteins. |
Codon | A codon is 3 mRNA nucleotides. |
What does a codon do? | It codes for a specific amino acid. A few codons do not code for amino acids at all. These codons signal for translation of an mRNA to start or stop. |
Start Codon | AUG |
Stop Codon | UAA, UAG, UGA. |
Translation | The process assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA. |