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Biology Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is DNA made up of? | DNA is made up of repeating subunits of nucleotides. |
| 3 Parts of a DNA nucleotide. | Sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate (phosphorus), and 1 of 4 nitrogen containing bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine). |
| Purines | Adenine and guanine. |
| Pyrimidines | Cytosine and thymine. |
| Double Helix | Watson and Crick came up with a model of a double helix for the structure for DNA. |
| Signifying nitrogen bases with letters | Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T). |
| Complementary base pairs | C-G, T-A. |
| Replication | Process of copying DNA in a cell. |
| Original sequence of DNA | ATTCCG |
| New nucleotide chain | TAAGGC |
| Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence. |
| What is RNA responsible for? | RNA is responsible for the movement of genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytosol. |
| Structure of RNA | Consists of sugar (ribose), phosphate, nitrogen containing bases. |
| How does RNA differ from DNA? | The sugar in is ribose, thymine is not present, uracil is, and RNA is single stranded. |
| Types of RNA | 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Transfer RNA (tRNA) 3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| Messenger RNA | Consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain. It carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol (cytoplasm). |
| Transfer RNA | Binds to specific amino acids. There are about 45 varieties. Consists of a single strand chain pf about 80 RNA nucleotides folded into a hairpin shape that binds to specific amino acids. |
| Ribosomal RNA | Most ubundant form. Consists of RNA nucleotides in a globular form. When joined by proteins, it makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made. |
| Transcription | The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA. |
| Promoters | These marks the beginning and continues until it reaches a termination signal. |
| mRNA | Moves through the pores of the nuclear membrane into the cytosol where it will direct protein synthesis. |
| Protein Synthesis | This is the production of proteins. |
| Proteins | Proteins are polymers. Made up of one or more polypeptides. May consist of thousands of amino acids arranged in a particular sequence. |
| Genetic Code | Correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence. |
| What does the genetic code do? | Used by most organisms to translate mRNA transcripts into proteins. |
| Codon | A codon is 3 mRNA nucleotides. |
| What does a codon do? | It codes for a specific amino acid. A few codons do not code for amino acids at all. These codons signal for translation of an mRNA to start or stop. |
| Start Codon | AUG |
| Stop Codon | UAA, UAG, UGA. |
| Translation | The process assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA. |
Created by:
bethanyhatten
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