chapter 10
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| nucleotides | sugar, phosphate, and base
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| Adenine and Guanine | Purines
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| Cytosine and Thymine | Pyrimidine's
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| The process of copying DNA in a cell is called | Replication
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| Structure of RNA | repeating units
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| Differs from DNA | sugar is ribose, thymine is not present, RNA is single stranded
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| Types of DNA? | mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
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| Transcription | process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA
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| Protein Synthesis | the production of proteins
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| Genetic Code | a correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence
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| 3 mRNA nucleotides | codon
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| Start codon | AUG
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| Stop codon | UAA, UAG, UGA
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| Translation | The process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA
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| Anticodon | the loop opposite of the site of amino acid attachment bears a sequence of three nucleotides
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| Ribosomes | are composed of rRNA and proteins and are free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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| Double Helix | bases face toward the center and face the base of other chains with which they form hydrogen bonds.
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| Deoxyribose | five-carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide
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| Nitrogenous base | an organic base that contains nitrogen, and subunit of nucleotide in a DNA and RNA
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| Purine | Nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms such as adenine and guanine.
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| Pyrimidine | Nitrogenous bases that have a single ting of carbon and nitrogen atoms such as cytosine an thymine
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| base-paring rules | the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with the thymine in DNA
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| Complementary base pairs | cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the opposite strand, and thymine
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| base sequence | The order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA
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| DNA replication | is the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission.
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| Helicase | An enzyme that separates DNA strands
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| Replication fork | Y-shaped point that results when two strands of DNA
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| DNA polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA molecule
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| semi-conservative replication | In each new DNA double helix, one strand is from the original molecule, and one strand is new
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| Mutation | A change in he nucleotide \-base sequence od a gene or DNA molecule
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