Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
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| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid
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| Subunits of DNA | Nucleotides
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| Parts of a nucleotide (3) | Sugar, phosphate, base
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| Sugar present in DNA | Deoxyribose
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| Phosphate present in DNA | Phosphorous
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| Bases present in DNA (4) | Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
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| Purines (2) | Adenine and guanine
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| Pyrimidines (2) | Cytosine and thymine
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| Scientists who suggested double helix model | Watson and Crick
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| Award won by Watson and Crick | 1962 Nobel Prize in Medicine
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| Complementary base pairs | C-G, T-A
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| Replication | Process of copying DNA
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| Helicases | Enzymes that separate base pairs
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| DNA polymerase | Enzymes that bind to the separated chains of DNA
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| Error rate in paired nucleotides | 1 in 1 billion
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| Mutation | Caused by a change in the nucleotide sequence
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| RNA | Ribonucleic acid
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| Base not present in RNA | Thymine
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| Base present only in RNA | Uracil
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| Sugar present in RNA | Ribose
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| Types of RNA (3) | Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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| Shape of mRNA | Single uncoiled chain
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| Shape of tRNA | Hairpin shape
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| Shape of rRNA | Globular form
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| Most abundant form of RNA | rRNA
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| Purpose of mRNA | Carries genetic info from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol
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| Purpose of tRNA | Binds to specific amino acids
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| Purpose of rRNA | Makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made
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| Number of varieties of tRNA | 45
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| Protein synthesis | Production of proteins
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| Number of amino acids | 20
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| Genetic code | Correlation between a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence
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| Codon | 3 mRNA nucleotides
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| Translation | Process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA
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| Anticodon | 3 tRNA nucleotides; pairs with the mRNA codon
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| Ribosomes | Composed of rRNA and proteins
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| Location of ribosomes | Free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
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