Cox-1 and Cox-2
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| Adverse effects to _____________ include hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, cyanosis, and vascular collapse | Tylenol
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| The ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to a pregnant woman is called___________. | Teratogenicity
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| Enzymes present in the brain, bones, kidneys, GI Tract, and female reproductive system | Cox-2
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| Rezatripan is a Cox -2 __________receptor antagonist. | 5-HT1
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| Studies in pregnant women show abnormalities of the fetus, but benefits may outweigh the risk | Category D
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| Animal studies = Adverse effects. No studies on humans OR neither animal or human studies done | Category C
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| Category shows harm to fetus in animals and women. Contraindicated pregnant women | Category X
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| Animal studies= no harm to fetus. No human study OR adverse on animals but none on humans | Category B
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| Category: studies on humans=no adverse effects | Category A
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| Tinnitus, diarrhea, decreased visual acuity, and, confusion are signs and symptoms of ________ | Mild toxicity
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| Reactions not known from pharmacological properties but are peculiar to patient | Idiosyncratic response
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| Highly protein-bound and can interact with other protein-bound drugs | Selective Cox-2
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| Can interact with other protein-bound drugs and displace them from their sites | Salicylates
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| Enzymes responsible for prostaglandin formation | Cyclooxygenase Enxymes
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| Acetaminophen is in what type of drug? | Para-Aminophenol Derivative
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| Pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light are symptoms of ___________. | Migraine
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| Drugs given to elderly may produce _________at usual doses. | Toxicity
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| Total body mass and total body water _________with age | Decrease
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| Infants may metabolize drugs inefficiently due to immature ____________. | Liver
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| Piroxicam is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Topical medications are absorbed more completely by children because of a child's greater_________relative to ___________. | Body surface area; Total body mass
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| What chemical mediator increases capillary permeability and the sensation of pain? | Kinins
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| What agents are used to inhibit the synthesis of uric acid? | Antigout agents
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| Elderly use _____% of all Rx drugs and _____% of all non-Rx drugs. | 30%; 40%
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| Elderly are ____to____times more likely to experience adverse drug reactions | 2 to 7
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| Results from drug-induced alteration in cellular DNA and ability of a substance to cause cancer is called what? | Carcinogenicity
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| DOC for fever of common cold or flu. Effects last for life of platelet. | Salicylates
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| What type of drug is ibuprofen? | NSAID
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| Selective Cox-2 inhibitor drugs have been associated with higher risk of ______and______. | CVA and MI
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| DOC for flu-like symptoms in children. May be beneficial in osteoarthritis. | Tylenol
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| What is the peak and duration of Para-Aminophenol Derivative? | Peak 10-60 min Duration 3-5h
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| Meclofenamate is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Almotriptan is what type of Cox-2 drug? | 5-HT1
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| Flurbiprofen is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| What are 3 chemical mediators that trigger a vascular response and migration of fluid and cells to the injured site? | Histamines, Kinins, Prostaglandins
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| Prevents or decreases tissue changes of chronic gout. NOT effective in acute gout. | Sulfinpyrazone-Anturane
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| ASA is what type of drug? It inhibits what? | Salicylate; Cox-1 and 2
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| NOT effective in acute gout. Can prevent hypeuricemia associated with chronic gout. | Probenecid- Benemid
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| Increases urinary excretion of uric acid. | Probenecid- Benemid
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| Cox-1, Cox-2, or both? Absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, excreted in the kidneys. | Cox-2
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| Zolmitriptan is what type of Cox-2 drug? | 5-HT1
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| Name of drug and Cox-1 or 2? Effective only in gout. Often used to treat acute gout to relieve joint pain and edema. | Colchicine Cox-2
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| Name of drug? Prevents formation of uric acid. Useful in chronic gout. | Allopurinol- Zyloprim
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| Normally synthesized continuously. Provide protective effects in GI tract and kidneys. | Cox-1
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| The gastric pH of an infant is more __________. | Alkaline
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| Naproxen Sodium is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Eletriptan is what type of drug? | 5-HT1
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| Naproxen is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| ______mcg/day of ____________is recommended to prevent fetal abnormalities of the __________and ___________. | 400mcg/day; Folic acid; Brain and spinal cord
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| Block the production of prostaglandins associated with pain and inflammation without blocking prostaglandins which have protective effects on gastric mucosa | Cox-2 Inhibitors
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| Only drug in its class available in the USA | Tylenol
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| What can be given starting at 12 weeks gestation that decreases preterm risk? What % does it drop? | 81mg/day ASA; 40%
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| What is the term for when the effects of a drug are inseparable from the desired effects? | Secondary reactions
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| Hypoglycemia, CNS depression, seizures, and coma are signs of symptoms of what? | Severe toxicity
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| Indomethacin is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Choline Magnesium trisalicate- Trilisate is what type of drug? | Salicylate
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| What is the onset and peak of Salicylate drugs? | Onset 30-60 min; Peak 2 h
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| Gastric distress, N/V, respiratory alkalosis, hearling loss, toxicity, and Reye's syndrome are adverse effects to what? | Aspirin (Salicylates)
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| Teratogenic effects likely occur in which trimester? | First
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| What % of congenital abnormalities are attributed to drug exposure? | 1%
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| ASA is contraindicated in children with __________or_____________. | Flu or Varicella
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| What is the term for when the body becomes accustomed to a drug over time and larger doses are needed to produce the same effects? | Tolerance
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| What is it when the immune system IDs drug as a foreign substance that may be destroyed. Causes direct injury to cells and tissue. | Allergy
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| What may be physiological, psychological, or both, and may bring about unpleasant symptoms when drug is withdrawn? | Dependence
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| What chemical mediator causes dilation of the arterioles and increases capillary permeability? | Histamine
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| What increases serotonin in the brain and causes vasoconstriction? Has fewer side effects than ergot alkaloids? | Sumatriptan-Imatrex
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| Sulindac is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Act on specific subtype of serotonin receptor to increase serotonin in the brain. Called "triptans". Developed specifically for migrains. | Selective Seratonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists
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| All _____________ have black box warnings. | NSAIDs
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| Fenoprofen Calcium is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation? | Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
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| Diclofenac is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Drug that specifically effects bone and tooth development. Should not be given to what patients? | Tetracycline; Pregnant, breastfeeding, 8 yrs or younger
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| Naratriptan is what type of drug? | 5-HT1
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| Salicylates produce what therapeutic effects? | Analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory
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| Detprofen is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Children under _____ years of age have a __________ intestine. | 2; shorter
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| 1st generation of Cox is _____________. 2nd generation of Cox is________________. | Non-selective; Selective.
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| Frovitriptan is what type of drug? | 5-HT1
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| Tinnitus, vertigo, and bronchospasm are symptoms of what? | Aspirin hypersensitivity
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| What is the term for: Usually occurs from miscalculation of a drug which requires precise individualized calculation? | Excessive Therapeutic Effect
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| Ketorolac Tromethamine is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Diflunisal - Dolobid is what type of drug? | Sailcylates
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| Sodium Salicylate - Pablate inhibits what? | Cox-1 and Cox-2
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| In aged patients, changes in the _______ increase sensitivity to depressants. | CNS
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| What chemical mediator causes an increase in vasodilation, capillary permeability, pain, and fever? | Prostaglandins
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| Tolmitin Sodium is what type of drug? | NSAID
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| Normally present in small amounts or inactive until stimulated by pain and inflammation. | Cox-2 Enzymes
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| Migraines are thought to be __________headaches caused by ___________. | Vascular; Vasodilation
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| What type of drug has a chemical structure different from corticosteroids, but same therapeutic effects? | NSAIDs
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| What type of drug has antiplatelet activity that subsides when the drug is eliminated? | NSAIDs
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| What does choline salicylate - atrhropan inhibit? | Cox-1 and Cox-2
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| Salsalate- Disalisad inhibits what? | Cox-1 and Cox-2
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| What is the term for when a drug mimics pathological disorders (i.e. aspirin-GI bleeding) | Iatrogenic Drug Effects
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| What is the term: when a drug is given in a large dose, may damage tissues and organs and precipitate illness | Overdose Toxicity
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| Ergot derivative used only for prevention of migraine. May cause fibrosis of aorta, heart, and lungs if used more than 4 consecutive months | Methysergide- Sansert
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| Restricts vascular smooth muscle of blood vessels of the brain. Most effective sublingually or by inhalation | Ergotamine Tartrate- Ergomar
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| Synthetic derivative that is less toxic than its parent drug | DHE 45
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| Decreased amount of uric acid. Used for prevention of gout. | Uloric
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| Contraindicated in patients with Hx of MI, Angina, and uncontrolled HTN | 5-HT1
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| Numbness and tingling of the extremities are side effects of what? | 5-HT1
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| What labs would you watch with Acetaminophen? | Liver Function
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| What labs would you watch with Aspirin? | Kidney Function
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| Rapidly absorbed and widely distributed. Metabolized in the liver and excreted in the kidneys. | Salicylates
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| Don't freak out! | You've got this! :)
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| These flashcards are probably harder than____ | The test! (Hopefully)
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| What are three ways can a person be treated if they ingested something they shouldn't have? | Mucomyst, NG Lavage, Charcoal
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