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Cox-1 and Cox-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adverse effects to _____________ include hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity, cyanosis, and vascular collapse | Tylenol |
| The ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to a pregnant woman is called___________. | Teratogenicity |
| Enzymes present in the brain, bones, kidneys, GI Tract, and female reproductive system | Cox-2 |
| Rezatripan is a Cox -2 __________receptor antagonist. | 5-HT1 |
| Studies in pregnant women show abnormalities of the fetus, but benefits may outweigh the risk | Category D |
| Animal studies = Adverse effects. No studies on humans OR neither animal or human studies done | Category C |
| Category shows harm to fetus in animals and women. Contraindicated pregnant women | Category X |
| Animal studies= no harm to fetus. No human study OR adverse on animals but none on humans | Category B |
| Category: studies on humans=no adverse effects | Category A |
| Tinnitus, diarrhea, decreased visual acuity, and, confusion are signs and symptoms of ________ | Mild toxicity |
| Reactions not known from pharmacological properties but are peculiar to patient | Idiosyncratic response |
| Highly protein-bound and can interact with other protein-bound drugs | Selective Cox-2 |
| Can interact with other protein-bound drugs and displace them from their sites | Salicylates |
| Enzymes responsible for prostaglandin formation | Cyclooxygenase Enxymes |
| Acetaminophen is in what type of drug? | Para-Aminophenol Derivative |
| Pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light are symptoms of ___________. | Migraine |
| Drugs given to elderly may produce _________at usual doses. | Toxicity |
| Total body mass and total body water _________with age | Decrease |
| Infants may metabolize drugs inefficiently due to immature ____________. | Liver |
| Piroxicam is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Topical medications are absorbed more completely by children because of a child's greater_________relative to ___________. | Body surface area; Total body mass |
| What chemical mediator increases capillary permeability and the sensation of pain? | Kinins |
| What agents are used to inhibit the synthesis of uric acid? | Antigout agents |
| Elderly use _____% of all Rx drugs and _____% of all non-Rx drugs. | 30%; 40% |
| Elderly are ____to____times more likely to experience adverse drug reactions | 2 to 7 |
| Results from drug-induced alteration in cellular DNA and ability of a substance to cause cancer is called what? | Carcinogenicity |
| DOC for fever of common cold or flu. Effects last for life of platelet. | Salicylates |
| What type of drug is ibuprofen? | NSAID |
| Selective Cox-2 inhibitor drugs have been associated with higher risk of ______and______. | CVA and MI |
| DOC for flu-like symptoms in children. May be beneficial in osteoarthritis. | Tylenol |
| What is the peak and duration of Para-Aminophenol Derivative? | Peak 10-60 min Duration 3-5h |
| Meclofenamate is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Almotriptan is what type of Cox-2 drug? | 5-HT1 |
| Flurbiprofen is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| What are 3 chemical mediators that trigger a vascular response and migration of fluid and cells to the injured site? | Histamines, Kinins, Prostaglandins |
| Prevents or decreases tissue changes of chronic gout. NOT effective in acute gout. | Sulfinpyrazone-Anturane |
| ASA is what type of drug? It inhibits what? | Salicylate; Cox-1 and 2 |
| NOT effective in acute gout. Can prevent hypeuricemia associated with chronic gout. | Probenecid- Benemid |
| Increases urinary excretion of uric acid. | Probenecid- Benemid |
| Cox-1, Cox-2, or both? Absorbed in the GI tract, metabolized in the liver, excreted in the kidneys. | Cox-2 |
| Zolmitriptan is what type of Cox-2 drug? | 5-HT1 |
| Name of drug and Cox-1 or 2? Effective only in gout. Often used to treat acute gout to relieve joint pain and edema. | Colchicine Cox-2 |
| Name of drug? Prevents formation of uric acid. Useful in chronic gout. | Allopurinol- Zyloprim |
| Normally synthesized continuously. Provide protective effects in GI tract and kidneys. | Cox-1 |
| The gastric pH of an infant is more __________. | Alkaline |
| Naproxen Sodium is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Eletriptan is what type of drug? | 5-HT1 |
| Naproxen is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| ______mcg/day of ____________is recommended to prevent fetal abnormalities of the __________and ___________. | 400mcg/day; Folic acid; Brain and spinal cord |
| Block the production of prostaglandins associated with pain and inflammation without blocking prostaglandins which have protective effects on gastric mucosa | Cox-2 Inhibitors |
| Only drug in its class available in the USA | Tylenol |
| What can be given starting at 12 weeks gestation that decreases preterm risk? What % does it drop? | 81mg/day ASA; 40% |
| What is the term for when the effects of a drug are inseparable from the desired effects? | Secondary reactions |
| Hypoglycemia, CNS depression, seizures, and coma are signs of symptoms of what? | Severe toxicity |
| Indomethacin is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Choline Magnesium trisalicate- Trilisate is what type of drug? | Salicylate |
| What is the onset and peak of Salicylate drugs? | Onset 30-60 min; Peak 2 h |
| Gastric distress, N/V, respiratory alkalosis, hearling loss, toxicity, and Reye's syndrome are adverse effects to what? | Aspirin (Salicylates) |
| Teratogenic effects likely occur in which trimester? | First |
| What % of congenital abnormalities are attributed to drug exposure? | 1% |
| ASA is contraindicated in children with __________or_____________. | Flu or Varicella |
| What is the term for when the body becomes accustomed to a drug over time and larger doses are needed to produce the same effects? | Tolerance |
| What is it when the immune system IDs drug as a foreign substance that may be destroyed. Causes direct injury to cells and tissue. | Allergy |
| What may be physiological, psychological, or both, and may bring about unpleasant symptoms when drug is withdrawn? | Dependence |
| What chemical mediator causes dilation of the arterioles and increases capillary permeability? | Histamine |
| What increases serotonin in the brain and causes vasoconstriction? Has fewer side effects than ergot alkaloids? | Sumatriptan-Imatrex |
| Sulindac is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Act on specific subtype of serotonin receptor to increase serotonin in the brain. Called "triptans". Developed specifically for migrains. | Selective Seratonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists |
| All _____________ have black box warnings. | NSAIDs |
| Fenoprofen Calcium is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation? | Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function |
| Diclofenac is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Drug that specifically effects bone and tooth development. Should not be given to what patients? | Tetracycline; Pregnant, breastfeeding, 8 yrs or younger |
| Naratriptan is what type of drug? | 5-HT1 |
| Salicylates produce what therapeutic effects? | Analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory |
| Detprofen is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Children under _____ years of age have a __________ intestine. | 2; shorter |
| 1st generation of Cox is _____________. 2nd generation of Cox is________________. | Non-selective; Selective. |
| Frovitriptan is what type of drug? | 5-HT1 |
| Tinnitus, vertigo, and bronchospasm are symptoms of what? | Aspirin hypersensitivity |
| What is the term for: Usually occurs from miscalculation of a drug which requires precise individualized calculation? | Excessive Therapeutic Effect |
| Ketorolac Tromethamine is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Diflunisal - Dolobid is what type of drug? | Sailcylates |
| Sodium Salicylate - Pablate inhibits what? | Cox-1 and Cox-2 |
| In aged patients, changes in the _______ increase sensitivity to depressants. | CNS |
| What chemical mediator causes an increase in vasodilation, capillary permeability, pain, and fever? | Prostaglandins |
| Tolmitin Sodium is what type of drug? | NSAID |
| Normally present in small amounts or inactive until stimulated by pain and inflammation. | Cox-2 Enzymes |
| Migraines are thought to be __________headaches caused by ___________. | Vascular; Vasodilation |
| What type of drug has a chemical structure different from corticosteroids, but same therapeutic effects? | NSAIDs |
| What type of drug has antiplatelet activity that subsides when the drug is eliminated? | NSAIDs |
| What does choline salicylate - atrhropan inhibit? | Cox-1 and Cox-2 |
| Salsalate- Disalisad inhibits what? | Cox-1 and Cox-2 |
| What is the term for when a drug mimics pathological disorders (i.e. aspirin-GI bleeding) | Iatrogenic Drug Effects |
| What is the term: when a drug is given in a large dose, may damage tissues and organs and precipitate illness | Overdose Toxicity |
| Ergot derivative used only for prevention of migraine. May cause fibrosis of aorta, heart, and lungs if used more than 4 consecutive months | Methysergide- Sansert |
| Restricts vascular smooth muscle of blood vessels of the brain. Most effective sublingually or by inhalation | Ergotamine Tartrate- Ergomar |
| Synthetic derivative that is less toxic than its parent drug | DHE 45 |
| Decreased amount of uric acid. Used for prevention of gout. | Uloric |
| Contraindicated in patients with Hx of MI, Angina, and uncontrolled HTN | 5-HT1 |
| Numbness and tingling of the extremities are side effects of what? | 5-HT1 |
| What labs would you watch with Acetaminophen? | Liver Function |
| What labs would you watch with Aspirin? | Kidney Function |
| Rapidly absorbed and widely distributed. Metabolized in the liver and excreted in the kidneys. | Salicylates |
| Don't freak out! | You've got this! :) |
| These flashcards are probably harder than____ | The test! (Hopefully) |
| What are three ways can a person be treated if they ingested something they shouldn't have? | Mucomyst, NG Lavage, Charcoal |
Created by:
mreedy
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