Extending Mendelian Genetics
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| carrier | Someone who is heterozygous, does not have a disorder, but carries the recessive allele, and can pass on the allelle to the offspring. | Example: Colorblindedness: A mother may able to see red and green but her son may not.
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| X chromosomal inactivation | The process by which one of the two X chromosomes in every cell in female mammals gets turned off. |
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| incomplete dominance | When allelles are neither dominant or recessive. | Example: Snapdragon and four o'clock plants: When homozygous red flowers are crossed with homozygous white flowers, the offspring have pink flowers.
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| codominance | Both allelles are expressed completely, and neither is dominant or recessive. | Example:In codominance, a homozygous red flower crossed wth a homozygous white flower would have red areas and white areas.
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| polygenic traits | Traits produced by two or more genes. | Example: eye color(3+ genes) and skin color (4 different genes)
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| linkage maps | Show the relative locations of genes on a chromosome and estimate the distances between genes. |
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| pedigree chart | Uses family phenotypes for tracing genes in a family to determine the chance that a might have a certain genetic disorder. |
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| karyotype | A picture of all of the chromosomes of a cell. |
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| sex-linked genes | The genes on the sex chromosomes, usually the X chromosome because the Y chromosome is smaller and has many fewer genes. |
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