Endocrine System
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What hormone does the thyroid gland produce? | Thyroxine
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| Define the term Exocrine | Secretes substances through a duct (not hormones)
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| Define the term Endocrine | Secretes substances (hormones) directly into the blood stream
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| What are hormones? | Chemical messengers
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| What type of gland produces hormones? | Endocrine glands
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| What do we call the areas of the body affected by hormones? | Target cell or target tissue
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| What hormones are produced in the Pancreas? | Insulin and Glucagon
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| What does insulin do? | Lowers glucose levels
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| What does Glucagon do? | Raises glucose levels
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| What hormones are produced in the Ovaries? | Oestrogen and Progesterone
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| What hormone is produced in the Testis? | Testosterone
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| What do target cells need to receive the hormone? | A correct receptor
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| Where are receptors on cells found? | In the cell membrane
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| What are receptors likely to be made of? | Proteins
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| What are steroid hormones made from? | Lipid molecules often adapted from cholesterol.
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| Is the steroid hormone able to pass through the membrane? | Yes, it goes into the cell
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| Where will the steroid hormone found the receptor? | In the cytoplasm of the cell
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| What does the hormone act on in the cell? | The DNA
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| Why can steroid hormones pass through a plasma membrane? | They are lipid soluble
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| Give an example of a steroid hormone | Sex hormones
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| What is a peptide hormone made from? | Protein molecules
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| What happens to the peptide hormone when it reaches the cell surface? | The hormone binds to the membrane
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| What is required for a peptide hormone to deliver a message within the cell? | A second messenger
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| What is meant by a secondary messanger? | It receives and transfers a message from the hormone to within the cell
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| Why can peptide hormones not pass through a plasma membrane? | They are not lipid soluble and are the wrong shape to get through the channels
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| Give 3 examples of peptide hormones | Adrenaline, Insulin and Glucagon
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| What is an adrenaline molecule derived from? | Amino acids
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| What is the name of the enzyme associated with the receptor for adrenaline? | Adenyl cyclase enzyme
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| What happens to the enzyme when the adrenaline binds? | It becomes active and changes shape.
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| What does the first messenger do? (the hormone) | Find the target cell and binds to the receptor
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| What are the two main regions called on the adrenal glands? | The medulla and the cortex
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| What 5 other functions do the adrenal glands help to carry out? | Increase sweating, increase heart-rate, hairs stand on end, higher blood pressure, dilate bronchioles (to allow in more oxygen)
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| What is the master gland? | Pituitory gland
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| What is the control centre near the pituitory gland? | The Hypothalamus
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| What is the effect called when small amounts of one hormone is released from the hypothalamus resulting in production of the final hormone | Cascade Effect
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| What hormone does the pituitory gland produce the regulates water balance? | ADH
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