Bio-Unit9-DNAtoProteins
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nucleotide | an organic molecule that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the basic buliding block of a nucleic -acid chain.
🗑
|
||||
| double helix | modle that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder
🗑
|
||||
| complimentary base pairing rules | the rules stating that in DNA cytosine paris with guanine and adenone pairs with thymine and that in RNA cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with uracil
🗑
|
||||
| replication | the process by which DNA is copied
🗑
|
||||
| DNA polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
🗑
|
||||
| central dogma | theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
🗑
|
||||
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| transcription | the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template
🗑
|
||||
| RNA ploymerase | an ezyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template
🗑
|
||||
| mRNA | messenger RNA; form of RNA that carries genetic informaiton from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; form of RNA tha tis in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock
🗑
|
||||
| tRNA | transfer RNA; form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
🗑
|
||||
| translation | the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specifiy the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains
🗑
|
||||
| condon | in DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal
🗑
|
||||
| anticodon | a region of a tRNA molecule that consists of a sequence of three bases that is complementary to an mRNA codon
🗑
|
||||
| mutation | a change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism
🗑
|
||||
| point mutation | a muation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed
🗑
|
||||
| frameshift mutation | a mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame
🗑
|
||||
| mutagen | agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organims
🗑
|
||||
| DNA fingerprint | a pattern of DNA characteristics that is unique, or nearly so, to an individual organism
🗑
|
||||
| protein | an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of cells
🗑
|
||||
| amino acid | a compound of a class of simple organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group and an amino group that combine to form proteins
🗑
|
||||
| chemical reaction | process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds
🗑
|
||||
| reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction
🗑
|
||||
| product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
🗑
|
||||
| activation energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
🗑
|
||||
| catalyst | substance that decreases the activation energy and increases the reaction rate in a chemical reaction
🗑
|
||||
| enzyme | a molecule, either protein or RNA, that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions
🗑
|
||||
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
🗑
|
||||
| monomer | molecular subunit of a polymer
🗑
|
||||
| polymer | large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lpgullett
Popular Biology sets