carbohydrate & amyloid
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Carbohydrates Group I | contain glucose-glycogen cellulose starch
N-acetyl-glucosamine-chitin
neutral polysaccharides
nonionic homoglycans
(+) PAS
(-) alcian blue, colloidal iron, mucicarmine
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| Carbohydrate Group II | Acid mucopolysaccharides (anionic heteroglycans) all are acidic
(-) pas
(+) ALCIAN BLUE, COLLOIDAL IRON, MUCICARMINE
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| Carbohydrates Group III | Glycoproteins
mucins, mucoid, mucoprotein, mucosubstances
mostly epithelial mucins some may occur in connective tissue
some/most PAS (+)
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| Carbohydrates Group IV | glycolipids
cerebrosides-fatty residue bound to carbohydrate structure
phosphatides- PAS positive, non carb containing lipids
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| PAS | demonstrates polysaccharides, neutral mucosubstances, & basement membranes most common reactive group is 1 &2
periodic acid oxidizes to aldehydes
basic fuchsin is treated w/ sulfurous acid to make Schiff reagent
metabisulfate removes excess schiff
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| PAS w/ diastase | demonstrates glycogen
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| Best Carmine | demonstrates glycogen
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| Mayer Mucicarmine | demonstrates "epithelial" mucin
stains carboxylated and sulfated mucins
does not stain neutral mucosubstances
combine with alcian blue-PAS to establish presence or absence of mucin more certainly
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| Mayer Mucicarmine | Mucin & Cryptococcus.........ROSE
Nuclie....................................BLACK
Other tissue..........................BLUE OR YELLOW
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| Alcian Blue pH 2.5 | demonstrates acid mucopolysaccharides
acetic acid
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| Alcian Blue pH 1.0 | demonstrates sulfated mucosubstances
hydrochloric acid
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| Alcian Blue w/ Hyaluronidase | differentiate between epithelial and connective mucins
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| Alcian Blue- PAS- Hematoxylin | stains acid mucosubstances and neutral polysaccharides
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| Alcian Blue- PAS- Hematoxylin | acid mucosubstances.......BLUE
neutral polysaccharides......MAGENTA
substances stained with both.....PURPLE
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| Muller- Mowry Colloidal Iron | demonstrates carboxylated & sulfated mucopolysaccharides & glycoproteins
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| Amyloid | 1-2% carbohydrate
chondroitin, heparin, & dermatan sulfates
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| Amyloidosis | amorphous eosinphilic extracellular deposit that gradually replaces cellular elements of vital organs
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| Primary Amyloid | happens spontaneously usually in heart, muscle, skin, and tongue
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| Secondary Amyloid | comes from predisposing disease
commonly found in kidney, liver, spleen, and adrenal glands
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| Myeloma-associated Amyloid | diseases of immune system
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| Tumor Associated Amyloid | associated with many tumors
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| Alkaline Congo Red Method | demonstrates amyloid
tissue cut at 8-10 microns
examined with polarized light
Harris hematoxyline, alkaline salt solution, congo red
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| Alkaline Congo Red Method | Amyloid...............DEEP PINK
Elastic tissue........PALE PINK
Nuclei...................BLUE
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| Crystal Violet | used for rapid screening of amyloid
amyloid with appear purplish violet and other tissue will be blue
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| Thioflavin T Fluorescent Method | used to demonstrate amyloid but is not as specific as congo red
amyloid with fluoresce to yellow to yellow-green.
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