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special stains
carbohydrate & amyloid
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates Group I | contain glucose-glycogen cellulose starch N-acetyl-glucosamine-chitin neutral polysaccharides nonionic homoglycans (+) PAS (-) alcian blue, colloidal iron, mucicarmine |
| Carbohydrate Group II | Acid mucopolysaccharides (anionic heteroglycans) all are acidic (-) pas (+) ALCIAN BLUE, COLLOIDAL IRON, MUCICARMINE |
| Carbohydrates Group III | Glycoproteins mucins, mucoid, mucoprotein, mucosubstances mostly epithelial mucins some may occur in connective tissue some/most PAS (+) |
| Carbohydrates Group IV | glycolipids cerebrosides-fatty residue bound to carbohydrate structure phosphatides- PAS positive, non carb containing lipids |
| PAS | demonstrates polysaccharides, neutral mucosubstances, & basement membranes most common reactive group is 1 &2 periodic acid oxidizes to aldehydes basic fuchsin is treated w/ sulfurous acid to make Schiff reagent metabisulfate removes excess schiff |
| PAS w/ diastase | demonstrates glycogen |
| Best Carmine | demonstrates glycogen |
| Mayer Mucicarmine | demonstrates "epithelial" mucin stains carboxylated and sulfated mucins does not stain neutral mucosubstances combine with alcian blue-PAS to establish presence or absence of mucin more certainly |
| Mayer Mucicarmine | Mucin & Cryptococcus.........ROSE Nuclie....................................BLACK Other tissue..........................BLUE OR YELLOW |
| Alcian Blue pH 2.5 | demonstrates acid mucopolysaccharides acetic acid |
| Alcian Blue pH 1.0 | demonstrates sulfated mucosubstances hydrochloric acid |
| Alcian Blue w/ Hyaluronidase | differentiate between epithelial and connective mucins |
| Alcian Blue- PAS- Hematoxylin | stains acid mucosubstances and neutral polysaccharides |
| Alcian Blue- PAS- Hematoxylin | acid mucosubstances.......BLUE neutral polysaccharides......MAGENTA substances stained with both.....PURPLE |
| Muller- Mowry Colloidal Iron | demonstrates carboxylated & sulfated mucopolysaccharides & glycoproteins |
| Amyloid | 1-2% carbohydrate chondroitin, heparin, & dermatan sulfates |
| Amyloidosis | amorphous eosinphilic extracellular deposit that gradually replaces cellular elements of vital organs |
| Primary Amyloid | happens spontaneously usually in heart, muscle, skin, and tongue |
| Secondary Amyloid | comes from predisposing disease commonly found in kidney, liver, spleen, and adrenal glands |
| Myeloma-associated Amyloid | diseases of immune system |
| Tumor Associated Amyloid | associated with many tumors |
| Alkaline Congo Red Method | demonstrates amyloid tissue cut at 8-10 microns examined with polarized light Harris hematoxyline, alkaline salt solution, congo red |
| Alkaline Congo Red Method | Amyloid...............DEEP PINK Elastic tissue........PALE PINK Nuclei...................BLUE |
| Crystal Violet | used for rapid screening of amyloid amyloid with appear purplish violet and other tissue will be blue |
| Thioflavin T Fluorescent Method | used to demonstrate amyloid but is not as specific as congo red amyloid with fluoresce to yellow to yellow-green. |
Created by:
burkan2
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