Chapter 16- Social Psychology
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| Attribution Theory | Suggests how we explain someone's behavior
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| Fundamental Attribution Error | For negative events we attribute others' behavior to their disposition, but our behavior to the situation
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| Foot-in-the-door | Involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them p by first having that person agree to a modest request.
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| Door-in-the-face | Involves first making an extremely large request that the respondent will obviously turn down followed by making a second, more reasonable request.
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| Low Ball | Involves first gaining closure and commitment you want the person to accept and then changing to make it more appealing for you.
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| Ingratiation | Involves getting someone to like you in order to obtain compliance with a request.
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| Value | A principle, standard , or quality considered worth while or desirable.
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| Attitude | A belief or feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to something.
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| Cognitive dissonance | Occurs when a person holds two or more attitudes that contradict one another
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| Role playing | Activity in which a person imitates, consciously or unconsciously, a role uncharacteristic of himself.
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| Peripheral route to persuasion | Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness.
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| Central route to persuasion | Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.
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| Social norms | An unwritten but understood rule for accepted and expected behavior.
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| Conformity | adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
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| Solomon Asch's conformity study | Most people will give into mob mentality if there are 3 or more people
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| Normative social influence | Resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment.
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| Informative social influence | Resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality.
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| Obedience | Occurs when you change your opinions, judgements, or actions because someone in a position of authority told you to do so.
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| Stanley Milgram's Study of Obedience (shock) | 2/3 of all participants would shock a learner to death if told to do so
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| Passionate love | An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.
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| Companionate love | The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.
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| Equity | A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give
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| Self-disclosure | Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
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| Stereotype | A widely held but fixed and over simplified belief of a particular type of person or thing.
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| Prejudice | Preconceived attitude that is not based on reason or actual experience to categories of people based on prejudice.
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| Discrimination | An action that denies social participation or human rights to categories of people based on prejudice.
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| Ingroup bias | Refers to favoring members of one's in group over out group members.
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| Scapegoat theory | Singling out any party for unmerited negative treatment or blame
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| Just-world phenomenon | Idea that all of a person's noble actions will be rewarded and all of the evil actions punished.
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| Agression | Hostile or violent behavior or attitudes toward another
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| Genetic influences | Animals have been bred aggression or study.
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| Neural influences | The limbic system (amygdala) and frontal lobe are intimately involved withe aggression.
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| Biochemical influences | Testosterone has been shown to increase aggreassion
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| Psychological influences( Frustration-aggression hypothesis) | Principle in which frustration (caused by the blocking of an attempt to achieve a desired goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression.
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| Altruism | An unselfish regard for the welfare of others.
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| Social exchange theory | Our aim is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
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| Social responsibility norm | Tells us to help people when they need us even though they may not repay us.
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| Reciprocity norm | Expectation that we should return help and not harm those who have helped us.
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| Bystander effect | Phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress.
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| Attraction | Proximity, similarity, physical attraction, mere exposure effect.
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| Proximity | Powerful predictor of friendship, repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction.
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| Similarity | Similar views among individuals causes the bond of attraction.
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| Physical attraction | PEOPLE ARE PRETTY!!!!!!!!
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| Mere exposure effect | People tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
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| Social facilitation | When an individuals skill performance gets better in the presence of others.
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| Social inhibition | When an individual's skill performance gets worse in the presence of others.
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| Social loafing | The reduced effort of each member in a group. The larger the group, the less effort each person puts forth.
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| Groupthink | When desire for harmony in decision-making overrides a realistic solution to the problem.
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| Deindividuation | The loss of self awareness and self restraint in group situations. Brings about feelings of excitement and anonymity. "Mob Mentality"
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| Group Polarization | The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
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| Conflict | A serious disagreement or argument typically a protracted one.
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| Ingroup | A social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member.
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| Outgroup | A social group to whig an individual does not identify.
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| Mirror-image perceptions | Behavior in which one person so pies another person usually while in social interaction with them.
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| Superordinate goals | Where two or more people or groups must be involved to achieve a specific goal.
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| Social trap | A situation in which a group of people act to abstain short term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.
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