Ch 2: Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Evolution | The change in the characteristics of a population over time
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| Chemical Evolution | The leading scientific explanation for the origin of life.
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| Atom | Basic unit of an element
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| Nucleus | the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons and containing nearly all its mass.
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| Proton | The positively charged subatomic particle
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| Neutron | the electrically neutral subatomic particle
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| Electron | the negatively charged subatomic particle
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| Element | A substance containing a specific number of protons
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| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an element
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| Isotope | Forms of an element with a different amount of neutrons
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| Mass Number | The sum of protons and neutrons in an element
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| Orbital | Specific regions of an atomic nuclei that electrons move around it
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| Electron Shell | levels in an orbital
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| Valence Electron | electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom
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| Chemical Bond | An attractive force binding two atoms together
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| Molecule | substances held together by covalent bonds
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| Covalent Bond | A strong attraction where two atoms share electron pairs
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| Nonpolar Covalent Bond | when two atoms are bound together with relatively equal electronegativity
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| Polar Covalent Bond | electrons are shared unequally between atoms differing in electronegativity
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| Electronegativity | a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
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| Polarity | a molecule having a positive or negative charge
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| Ionic Bond | A bond that results in the complete transfer of electrons
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| Ion | An atom or molecule that carries a full charge
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| Cation | A positively charged Ion
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| Anion | A negatively charged ion
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| Single Bond | is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving two bonding electrons
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| Double Bond | a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two.
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| Triple Bond | a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two
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| Molecular Formula | Contains the number and types of atoms in an molecule
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| Molecular Weight | The weight of the entire molecule, includes all the atoms
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| Molarity | a common unit of solute concentration equal to the number of moles of a dissolve solute in 1 liter of solution
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| Solution | A homogeneous solution between two mixtures
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| Solvent | Agent for dissolving substances and getting them into a solution
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| Solute | A substance dissolved in another subtance
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| Hydrogen Bond | a weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.
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| Hydrophilic | Water loving
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| Hydrophobic | water fearing
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| Cohesion | like molecules cling together due to attractive forces
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| Adhesion | unlike molecules cling together due to attractive forces
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| Surface Tension | cohesive force that causes molecules at the surface of a liquid to stick together
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| Specific Heat | the amount of energy to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree celisus
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| Hydrogen Ion | A single proton with a +1 charge.
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| Hydroxide Ion | an oxygen and hydrogen atom joined by a single covalent bond and has a negative charge
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| Acid | any compound that gives up protons or accepts electrons during a chemical reaction that releases hydrogen when dissolved in water
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| Base | any compound that acquires protons or gives up electrons during a chemical reaction or accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
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| Acid-Base Reaction |
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| Acidity |
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| Alkalinity |
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| pH |
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| Homeostasis |
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| Chemical Reaction |
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| Reactant |
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| Product |
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| Chemical Equilibrium |
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| Concentration |
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| Endothermic |
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| Exothermic |
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| Energy |
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| Potential Energy |
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| Kinetic Energy |
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| Temperature |
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| Heat |
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| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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| Chemical Energy |
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| Mechanical Energy |
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| Spontaneous Chemical Reactions |
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| Nonspontaneous Chemical Reactions |
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| ΔH |
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| Entropy |
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| Enthalpy |
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| ΔS |
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| Second law of Thermodynamics |
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| Gibbs Free Energy |
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| Exergonic |
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| Endergonic |
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| Photons |
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| Organic Molecules |
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| Inorganic Molecules |
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| Functional Groups |
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| Amino Group |
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| Carboxyl Group |
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| Carboxylic Acid |
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| Hydroxyl Group |
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| Phosphate Group |
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