Mid Term Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is homeostasis? | Balance within a living organism.
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| Failure to maintain homoestatis may result in...? | disfunction or death.
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| Homeostatis is maintained using ___________ mechanisms? | feedback
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| What is a feedback mechanism? | Cycles in which the product of one reaction causes another reaction to start or stop.
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| What is dynamic equilibrium? | A balanced state created by many small, opposing changes.
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| What is metabolism? | The same 7 basic chemical processes occuring in living organisms.
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| 1. Nutrition | Using nutrients for growth, repair, and energy.
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| 2. Respiration | Converts energy from food into a usable form.
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| 3. Assimilation | Making complex chemicals from simple substances.
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| 4. Transportation | Distributing and absorbing materials throughout the body.
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| 5. Regulation | Control and coordination of life processes.
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| 6. Excretion | Removing of wastes.
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| 7. Reproduction | Passing on genes to offspring.
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| What are inorganic chemicals? | Simple compounds such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
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| Water (H2O) | Most common substance in all living things; needed to perform chemical reactions and transportation through the body.
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| Oxygen (O2) | Needed by most organisms for respiration; released by plants during photosynthesis.
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| Aerobic respiration | Uses oxygen to gett energy from glucose (sugar); gives more energy to complex organisms (ex. humans).
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| Anerobic respiration | Does not use oxygen to get energy from glucose (sugar); gives less energy and is used by simple organisms (ex. bacteria).
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| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Taken in by plants to make glucose (energy). Also a waste product of aerobic respiration.
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| Nitrogen (N2) | Most common gas in air (70%). Needed to make proteins.
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| What are organic compounds? | Larger more complex compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins made from simpler substances.
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| Carbohydrates | Simple and complex sugars used by the body for energy.
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| Lipids | Fats and oils used for energy storage and cell building.
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| Proteins | Most plentiful compounds in the body; used to carry out all body activities.
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| What are examples of proteins? | Hormones and neurotransmitters, cell receptors, antibodies, and enzymes.
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| What is a cell? | Basic units of the body that control biological processes.
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| Cell Theory #1 | All living things are made of cells. Unicellular or multicellular.
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| Cell Theory #2 | Cells are the basic units needed to carry on life processes.
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| Cell Theory #3 | All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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| Cell organelles | The 8 smaller components that make up a cell.
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| 1. Nucleus | Controls the cell and contains hereditary material (DNA).
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| 2. Cytoplasm | Fluid in the cell made mostly of water; helps transport materials.
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| 3. Mitochondria | Gives the cell energy; chemical respiration.
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| 4. Ribosomes | Makes proteins from amino acids.
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| 5. Vacuole | Stores food, water, and waste.
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| 6. Cell membrane | Controls what enters and leaves cell; protects interior of cell.
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| 7. Chloroplasts (plant cells only) | Carries out photosynthesis.
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| 8. Cell wall (non-animal cells only) | Provides shape, structure, and protection.
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| Nutrition | Taking in nutrients (food) for energy, growth, and repair.
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| Ingestion | Eating of food.
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| Digestion | Mechanical or chemical breakdown of food so nutrients can be absorbed into the body.
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| Autotrophic nutrition (self feeding) | Organisms that take in raw materials and convert them into nutrients (ex. photosynthesis in plants).
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| Heterotrophic nutrition | Other feeding. Organisms who ingest nutrients made by other organisms. (ex. humans and all animals).
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| A single fertilized cell is a...? | Zygote
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| Humans grow as a result of cell division called...? | Mitosis
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