GRADE 9 INTRODUCTION
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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on it to display the answer.
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| How are elements abbreviated in chemical shorthand? | by a Symbol. One or two letter. The first letter is always a capital. If there is a second letter it is always lower case.
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| What is an Atom? | The basic building block of all matter.
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| What is an element? | A substance that contains only one type of Atom. A pure substance.
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| What are the three particles in an Atom? | Protons, Neutrons & electrons.
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| What is the electrical charge of a Proton? | Positive (+)
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| What is the electrical charge of a neutron? | Neutral (o)
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| What is the electrical charge of an electron? | Negative (-)
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| What is the nucleus of an atom? | The center. The part of the atom with the most mass.
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| What particles are in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons & Neutrons.
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| What is the meaning of the Atomic Number? | Atomic Number =
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| What is the meaning of the Atomic Mass Number? | It is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| On the Periodic Table where can you find the Atomic Number? | The small number at the top of each square.
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| On the Periodic Table where can you find the Atomic Mass number? | The larger number underneathe the symbol of the element
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| Where are the electrons of an atom located? | Outside of the nucleus in an electron cloud.
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| Which atomic particle determines the properties of an element? | Protons
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| How much mass do the atomic particles have? | Protons & Neutrons contain most of the mass of the atom. The electrons are so small we cannot measure their mass. Electron mass is counted as zero.
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| What is an Isotope? | Atoms which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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| What is an Ion? | An atom with an electric charge. (must lose or gain electrons in order to become an ion)
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| How does an atom acquire an electrical charge? | It gains or loses one or more electrons.
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| How does a normal atom maintain a total neutral charge? | Equal numbers of Protons (+) and Electrons (-).
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| Do we know the exact location of electrons in the electron cloud? | No. The exact location of electrons cannot be known for certain. We can only predict the approximate & probably location of the electrons in various shell energy levels, from closest to the nucleus to further and further from the nucleus.
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| How do you find the number of Protons on the Periodic Table? | The number of protons is equal to the atomic number
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| How do you find the Atomic Mass on the Periodic Table? | The Atomic Mass is the decimal number at the bottom of each square.
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| What is a Shell Energy Level? | The approximate location of electrons in the electron cloud surrounding the atomic nucleus
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| Democritus | Said that all matter is composed of "atomos"
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| John Dalton | _____'s Atomic Theory (5 laws)
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| Sir J. J. Thomson | Discovered electrons, proposed "plum-pudding atom" (electrons embedded in protons)
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| Robert A. Millikan | Calculated charge of electron
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| Ernest Rutherford | Discovered that there is a "dense, positively charged region" in the atom
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| Bohr | Said that electrons travel in concentric circular paths around the nucleus, with fixed amount of energy for each level.
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| Dmitri Mendeleev | Arranged elements by properties and mass
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| Two subatomic particles found in the nucleus | protons and neutrons
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| Subatomic particles with a positive charge | protons
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| Subatomic particle(s)identified by the atomic number for a neutral atom | proton or electrons
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| Subatomic particles with a negative charge | electrons
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| Decimal number in the periodic table square | atomic mass
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| Visually shows the number of valence electrons as dots around the chemical symbol of an element | Lewis Dot diagram(s)
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| whole number in the periodic table square | atomic number
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| building blocks of matter | atom
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| found inside the nucleus, have a positve charge, and a mass of 1 amu | protons
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| type of matter composed of only one type of atom | element
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| type of matter where two or more elements are chemically bonded together | compound
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| Only metal touching the metalloid staircase | aluminum
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| Name of elements in group 2 | alkaline earth metals
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| Elements with similar chemical properties are found in the same.... on the periodic table. | group
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| only metal in liquid state at room temperature | mercury
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| maximum number of electrons held by the second Period | eight
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| an atom with a change in electrons but constant proton count | ion
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| an atom with the same proton count but a change in mass due to a change in neutron count | isotope
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| Elements in group 17 | halogens
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| subatomic particle count found by subtracting the mass number and atomic number | neutrons
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| electrons found in the last or outermost shell | valence electrons
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| atomic number represents this particle in a NEUTRAL atom | proton
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| small, dense core of the atom | nucleus
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| Elements in group 18 | noble gases
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| Maximum number of electrons found in the third shell | eighteen
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| subatomic particles with a mass of 1 amu and no charge | neutrons
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| rounded version of the atomic mass;sum of protons and neutrons for one isotope | mass number
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| Maximum number of electrons in the shell closest to the nucleus | two
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| Elements in Group 1; except hydrogen | Alkali metals
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| Chemically inert or unreactive elements because they have a complete valence shell | noble gases
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| elements found in groups 3 through 12 | transition metals
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| smallest form of matter | atom
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| Most active non-metal element | fluorine
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| Most active metal element | francium
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| only non-metal liquid at room temperature | bromine
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| Subatomic particle with a negative charge and very low mass | electron
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| vertical columns of the periodic table | groups or families
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| horizontal rows of the periodic table | periods
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| Identifies the valence electron count for an element except the transition metals | group number
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| only non metal found on the left side of periodic table | Hydrogen
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| proton | a positively charged particle
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| neutron | an uncharged particle
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| nucleus | the combination of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. has a positive charge because of protons
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| electrons | negatively charged particles that move around outside the nucleus
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| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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| atomic mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus
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| isotope | an atom of one element that has a different number of neutrons than another atom of the same element
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| ion | an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative electric charge
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| Material | particular kind of matter that has different properties that are used to characterize it
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| Physical Property | is a characteristic that can be observed from a material without changing its chemical identity
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| Physical Change | is a change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity. All bonds remain intact. The same molecules are present. Temporary.
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| Chemical Property | is a characteristic of a material that involves, or results in a chemical change. "ability, reactivity, or potential"
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| Chemical Change | involves bond breaking and bond formation to give new products by means of a chemical reaction. Is a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into one or more new kinds of matter. It yields new matter and new molecules. Permanent
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| Three classifications of matter | elements, compounds, and mixtures
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| Elements | are pure substances that cannot be broken down (decomposed) into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Have one kind of atom.
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| Compounds | a pure substance made up of two or more elements in a fixed proportion by weight. Has two or more elements that have been chemically combined.
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| Law of Constant Composition "Definite Proportions" | a pure compound, whatever its source, always contains definite, or constant proportions of the elements by mass
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| Matter | any particular kind of material. Matter is either a pure substance or a mixture of pure substances
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| Pure Substance | is a material that cannot be separates into different materials by any physical process.
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| Pure substance | is a single chemical with definite physical properties
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| Mixture | is a material that can be separated by physical processes into two or more substances. It contains two or more pure substances that are not chemically combined
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| Two types of mixtures | Homogeneous and Heterogeneous
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| Homogeneous | mixture is uniform in its properties throughout. Density and other physical properties are the same at every point in this mixture. Ex- a solution
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| Heterogeneous | mixture that consists of physically distant parts with different properties. occurs when components of mixture do not mix well
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Created by:
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